Piraccini B M, Tosti A
Department of Dermatology, University of Bologna, Italy.
Drug Saf. 1999 Sep;21(3):187-201. doi: 10.2165/00002018-199921030-00004.
A large number of drugs of different classes, ranging from antibacterials to chemotherapeutic agents to psoralens, can be responsible for the development of nail changes. Drug-induced nail changes usually involve several or all 20 nails and appear in temporal correlation with drug intake. Some nail changes are asymptomatic and only cause cosmetic problems, while others cause pain and discomfort and impair manual activities or deambulation. Drug-induced nail abnormalities are usually transitory and disappear with drug withdrawal, but sometimes persist in time. The pathogenesis of the nail changes is usually a toxic effect of the drug on the different nail constituents, but other mechanisms can be involved. Drugs that are well known to produce nail abnormalities include cancer chemotherapeutic agents, psoralens, retinoids, tetracyclines, antimalarials and zidovudine. Arsenic poisoning is also always associated with nail changes that have medico-legal importance. Some drugs taken during pregnancy may impair nail development of the fetus, and nail hypoplasia or other nail dystrophies will be evident in the newborn.
许多不同种类的药物，从抗菌药到化疗药再到补骨脂素，都可能导致指甲变化。药物引起的指甲变化通常累及多个或全部20个指甲，且与药物摄入在时间上相关。一些指甲变化没有症状，仅引起美容问题，而其他变化则会导致疼痛和不适，影响手部活动或行走。药物引起的指甲异常通常是暂时的，停药后会消失，但有时会持续存在。指甲变化的发病机制通常是药物对指甲不同成分的毒性作用，但也可能涉及其他机制。众所周知会导致指甲异常的药物包括癌症化疗药、补骨脂素、维甲酸、四环素、抗疟药和齐多夫定。砷中毒也总是与具有法医学意义的指甲变化相关。孕期服用的某些药物可能会损害胎儿的指甲发育，新生儿会出现指甲发育不全或其他指甲营养不良的情况。
