Mintzer M Z, Snodgrass J G
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Baltimore, MD 21224-6823, USA.
Am J Psychol. 1999 Spring;112(1):113-46.
The form change paradigm was used to explore the basis for the picture superiority effect. Recognition memory for studied pictures and words was tested in their study form or the alternate form. Form change cost was defined as the difference between recognition performance for same and different form items. Based on the results of Experiment 1 and previous studies, it was difficult to determine the relative cost for studied pictures and words due to a reversal of the mirror effect. We hypothesized that the reversed mirror effect results from subjects' basing their recognition decisions on their assumptions about the study form. Experiments 2 and 3 confirmed this hypothesis and generated a method for evaluating the relative cost for pictures and words despite the reversed mirror effect. More cost was observed for pictures than words, supporting the distinctiveness model of the picture superiority effect.
采用形式变化范式来探究图片优势效应的基础。对所学图片和单词的识别记忆在其学习形式或替代形式下进行测试。形式变化成本被定义为相同形式和不同形式项目的识别表现之间的差异。基于实验1的结果和先前的研究，由于镜像效应的反转，难以确定所学图片和单词的相对成本。我们假设镜像效应的反转是由于受试者基于他们对学习形式的假设做出识别决策。实验2和实验3证实了这一假设，并产生了一种方法，尽管存在镜像效应的反转，但仍可评估图片和单词的相对成本。观察到图片比单词的成本更高，这支持了图片优势效应的独特性模型。
