Könönen E
Department of Bacteriology, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland.
Ann Med. 2000 Mar;32(2):107-12. doi: 10.3109/07853890009011759.
The intimate relationship with bacteria is a fundamental factor in the health status of an individual. After birth infants are exposed to continuous person-to-person and environmental contacts with microbes, and the development of the indigenous microflora begins on the surfaces of the human body. In a developing ecosystem microbial colonization may easily occur because of the still inadequate host response. Adhesion is the initial event in the colonization of bacteria. In the mouth, only mucosal surfaces are available during the first months of life. After teeth emerge, the number of attachment sites and potential niches increases significantly. Bacteria adhere not only to oral surfaces but also to each other, forming multigeneric communities where specific partner relationships influence their composition and stability. Viridans streptococci and a strictly anaerobic species, Fusobacterium nucleatum, are of interest in this context. The oral colonization pattern differs between individuals already in infancy; variable bacterial load in saliva of attendants and other close contacts and the frequency of this bacterial exposure may partly account for individual differences. In addition, the exposure of an infant to antibiotics affects the quality of colonizing bacteria. This article presents an overview of the age-related acquisition of oral bacteria and the role of the indigenous oral microflora in health and disease.
与细菌的密切关系是个体健康状况的一个基本因素。婴儿出生后，会持续与他人及环境中的微生物接触，人体表面的原生微生物群落开始发育。在一个正在发育的生态系统中，由于宿主反应仍不充分，微生物定殖很容易发生。黏附是细菌定殖的初始事件。在生命的最初几个月里，口腔中只有黏膜表面可供细菌附着。牙齿萌出后，附着位点和潜在生态位的数量会显著增加。细菌不仅会黏附在口腔表面，还会相互黏附，形成多菌种群落，其中特定的伙伴关系会影响群落的组成和稳定性。在这种情况下，草绿色链球菌和一种严格厌氧的菌种——具核梭杆菌受到关注。在婴儿期，个体之间的口腔定殖模式就存在差异；护理人员及其他密切接触者唾液中的细菌载量不同，以及这种细菌接触的频率可能在一定程度上解释了个体差异。此外，婴儿接触抗生素会影响定殖细菌的质量。本文概述了与年龄相关的口腔细菌获得情况以及口腔原生微生物群落在健康和疾病中的作用。
