Ferrario V F, Sforza C, Schmitz J H, Ciusa V, Colombo A
Istituto di Anatomia Umana Normale, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.
J Anat. 2000 Apr;196 ( Pt 3)(Pt 3):415-23. doi: 10.1046/j.1469-7580.2000.19630415.x.
A 3-dimensional computerised system with landmark representation of the soft-tissue facial surface allows noninvasive and fast quantitative study of facial growth. The aims of the present investigation were (1) to provide reference data for selected dimensions of lips (linear distances and ratios, vermilion area, volume); (2) to quantify the relevant growth changes; and (3) to evaluate sex differences in growth patterns. The 3-dimensional coordinates of 6 soft-tissue landmarks on the lips were obtained by an optoelectronic instrument in a mixed longitudinal and cross-sectional study (2023 examinations in 1348 healthy subjects between 6 y of age and young adulthood). From the landmarks, several linear distances (mouth width, total vermilion height, total lip height, upper lip height), the vermilion height-to-mouth width ratio, some areas (vermilion of the upper lip, vermilion of the lower lip, total vermilion) and volumes (upper lip volume, lower lip volume, total lip volume) were calculated and averaged for age and sex. Male values were compared with female values by means of Student's t test. Within each age group all lip dimensions (distances, areas, volumes) were significantly larger in boys than in girls (P < 0.05), with some exceptions in the first age groups and coinciding with the earlier female growth spurt, whereas the vermilion height-to-mouth width ratio did not show a corresponding sexual dimorphism. Linear distances in girls had almost reached adult dimensions in the 13-14 y age group, while in boys a large increase was still to occur. The attainment of adult dimensions was faster in the upper than in the lower lip, especially in girls. The method used in the present investigation allowed the noninvasive evaluation of a large sample of nonpatient subjects, leading to the definition of 3-dimensional normative data. Data collected in the present study could represent a data base for the quantitative description of human lip morphology from childhood to young adulthood.
一个具有面部软组织表面标志点表示的三维计算机系统能够对面部生长进行无创且快速的定量研究。本研究的目的是：（1）提供唇部选定维度（线性距离和比例、唇红面积、体积）的参考数据；（2）量化相关的生长变化；（3）评估生长模式中的性别差异。在一项混合纵向和横断面研究中（对1348名6岁至青年期的健康受试者进行了2023次检查），通过光电仪器获取了唇部6个软组织标志点的三维坐标。从这些标志点计算出几个线性距离（口宽、唇红总高度、唇总高度、上唇高度）、唇红高度与口宽之比、一些面积（上唇唇红、下唇唇红、唇红总面积）和体积（上唇体积、下唇体积、唇总体积），并按年龄和性别进行平均。通过学生t检验比较男性和女性的值。在每个年龄组中，除了最初的年龄组有一些例外情况且与女性较早的生长突增一致外，男孩的所有唇部维度（距离、面积、体积）均显著大于女孩（P < 0.05），而唇红高度与口宽之比未表现出相应的性别二态性。女孩的线性距离在13 - 14岁年龄组几乎已达到成人尺寸，而男孩仍有大幅增长。上唇比下唇更快达到成人尺寸，尤其是女孩。本研究中使用的方法能够对大量非患者受试者进行无创评估，从而得出三维规范数据的定义。本研究收集的数据可作为从儿童期到青年期人类唇部形态定量描述的数据库。
