Gündel J, Schaller K H, Angerer J
Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Erlangen, Germany.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2000 May;73(4):270-4. doi: 10.1007/s004200050427.
Assessment of external and internal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in a fireproof stone producing plant.
Five personal and four stationary air measurements were performed to determine the concentrations of benz(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, chrysene, dibenz(a,h)anthracene, fluoranthene, phenanthrene and pyrene, in air. To estimate internal exposure, we determined the urinary excretion of 1-hydroxypyrene, 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-hydroxyphenanthrene, 3-hydroxybenz(a)anthracene and 3-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene in 19 workers, using a sensitive and reliable high-performance liquid chromatographic method with fluorescence detection.
During the production of fireproof stones, the German technical exposure limit (TRK) for benzo(a)pyrene of 2 microg/m3 was exceeded in two cases. The mean values of the sum of eight PAHs were 12.6 microg/m3 (stationary air measurement) and 22.2 microg/m3 (personal air measurement). Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene excretion predominated, with a median of 11.1 microg/g creatinine (creat.), followed by 3-hydroxyphenanthrene (median 2.2 microg/g creat.), 1-hydroxyphenanthrene (median 1.9 microg/g creat.) and 2-hydroxyphenanthrene (median 1.6 microg/g creat.). 4-Hydroxyphenanthrene (median 0.3 microg/g creat.) and 3-hydroxybenz(a)anthracene (median 0.17 microg/g creat.) were found in far lower concentrations, while 3-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene was found only in very low concentrations (median 0.014 microg/g creat.). No correlations could be detected for a relationship between external and internal exposure. A significant correlation between urinary metabolite concentrations could be calculated only for 3-hydroxybenz(a)anthracene and 1-hydroxypyrene.
In comparison with other industries, the internal PAH exposure at workplaces in a fireproof stone producing plant is high. This is probably caused by dermal PAH-absorption. Therefore, biological monitoring must be performed in the health surveillance of fireproof stone producing workers. The urinary PAH metabolites should be determined: 3-hydroxybenz(a)anthracene could probably be used as a biomarker representing the group of carcinogenic PAH.
评估一家防火石生产厂中多环芳烃（PAH）的外部和内部暴露情况。
进行了五次个人空气测量和四次固定空气测量，以测定空气中苯并(a)蒽、苯并(a)芘、苯并(b)荧蒽、 Chrysene、二苯并(a,h)蒽、荧蒽、菲和芘的浓度。为了估计内部暴露情况，我们采用灵敏可靠的高效液相色谱荧光检测法，测定了19名工人尿中1-羟基芘、1-、2-、3-和4-羟基菲、3-羟基苯并(a)蒽和3-羟基苯并(a)芘的排泄量。
在防火石生产过程中，有两次超过了德国苯并(a)芘的技术暴露限值（TRK），即2微克/立方米。八种PAH总和的平均值在固定空气测量中为12.6微克/立方米，在个人空气测量中为22.2微克/立方米。尿中1-羟基芘排泄量占主导，中位数为11.1微克/克肌酐（creat.），其次是3-羟基菲（中位数2.2微克/克creat.）、1-羟基菲（中位数1.9微克/克creat.）和2-羟基菲（中位数1.6微克/克creat.）。4-羟基菲（中位数0.3微克/克creat.）和3-羟基苯并(a)蒽（中位数0.17微克/克creat.）的浓度要低得多，而3-羟基苯并(a)芘仅在极低浓度下被检测到（中位数0.014微克/克creat.）。未检测到外部暴露与内部暴露之间的相关性。仅3-羟基苯并(a)蒽和1-羟基芘的尿代谢物浓度之间可计算出显著相关性。
与其他行业相比，防火石生产厂工作场所的PAH内部暴露水平较高。这可能是由于皮肤对PAH的吸收所致。因此，在防火石生产工人的健康监测中必须进行生物监测。应测定尿中PAH代谢物：3-羟基苯并(a)蒽可能可作为代表致癌PAH组的生物标志物。
