Isaacs R E, Weber D J, Schwartz A B
Chemical Engineering Department, Arizona State University, Tempe 85287, USA.
IEEE Trans Rehabil Eng. 2000 Jun;8(2):196-8. doi: 10.1109/86.847814.
Implantable devices that interact directly with the human nervous system have been gaining acceptance in the field of medicine since the 1960's. More recently, as is noted by the FDA approval of a deep brain stimulator for movement disorders, interest has shifted toward direct communication with the central nervous system (CNS). Deep brain stimulation (DBS) can have a remarkable effect on the lives of those with certain types of disabilities such as Parkinson's disease, Essential Tremor, and dystonia. To correct for many of the motor impairments not treatable by DBS (e.g. quadriplegia), it would be desirable to extract from the CNS a control signal for movement. A direct interface with motor cortical neurons could provide an optimal signal for restoring movement. In order to accomplish this, a real-time conversion of simultaneously recorded neural activity to an online command for movement is required. A system has been established to isolate the cellular activity of a group of motor neurons and interpret their movement-related information with a minimal delay. The real-time interpretation of cortical activity on a millisecond time scale provides an integral first step in the development of a direct brain-computer interface (BCI).
自20世纪60年代以来，可直接与人体神经系统相互作用的植入式设备在医学领域逐渐得到认可。最近，正如美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准用于治疗运动障碍的深部脑刺激器所表明的那样，人们的兴趣已转向与中枢神经系统（CNS）的直接通信。深部脑刺激（DBS）对患有某些类型残疾（如帕金森病、特发性震颤和肌张力障碍）的人的生活可能会产生显著影响。为了纠正许多DBS无法治疗的运动障碍（例如四肢瘫痪），从CNS提取运动控制信号将是很有必要的。与运动皮层神经元的直接接口可以为恢复运动提供最佳信号。为了实现这一点，需要将同时记录的神经活动实时转换为运动的在线指令。已经建立了一个系统来分离一组运动神经元的细胞活动，并以最小的延迟解释它们与运动相关的信息。在毫秒时间尺度上对皮层活动进行实时解释是直接脑机接口（BCI）开发中不可或缺的第一步。
