Ghezzi E M, Ship J A
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Dentistry, USA.
J Public Health Dent. 2000 Fall;60(4):289-96. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-7325.2000.tb03337.x.
The lifespan of the US population is increasing, with the elderly desiring successful aging. This goal is jeopardized as multiple systemic conditions and their treatments become more prevalent with age, causing impaired systemic and oral health and influencing an older person's quality of life. To obtain successful aging, a compression of morbidity must be obtained through prevention and management of disease. This paper describes the most common systemic diseases causing morbidity and mortality in persons aged 65+ years: diseases of the heart, malignant neoplasms, cerebrovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, influenza, diabetes mellitus, trauma, Alzheimer's disease, renal diseases, septicemia, and liver diseases. Disease prevalence and the impact of medications and other therapeutic measures used to treat these conditions are discussed. Oral sequelae are reviewed with guidelines for early detection of these deleterious consequences, considerations for oral treatment, and patient management. An understanding of the impact of systemic diseases and treatment on oral health is imperative for dental practitioners to appropriately treat and manage older patients with these conditions. With a focus on early detection and prevention, oral health care providers can improve the quality of life of this population and aid in the attainment of successful aging.
美国人口的寿命在不断延长，老年人渴望实现成功老龄化。随着多种全身性疾病及其治疗方法随着年龄增长变得更加普遍，这一目标受到了威胁，这些疾病会导致全身和口腔健康受损，并影响老年人的生活质量。为了实现成功老龄化，必须通过疾病的预防和管理来压缩发病期。本文描述了在65岁及以上人群中导致发病和死亡的最常见全身性疾病：心脏病、恶性肿瘤、脑血管疾病、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、肺炎、流感、糖尿病、创伤、阿尔茨海默病、肾脏疾病、败血症和肝脏疾病。文中讨论了疾病的患病率以及用于治疗这些疾病的药物和其他治疗措施的影响。本文回顾了口腔后遗症，包括早期发现这些有害后果的指南、口腔治疗的注意事项以及患者管理。对于牙科从业者来说，了解全身性疾病及其治疗对口腔健康的影响对于妥善治疗和管理患有这些疾病的老年患者至关重要。通过关注早期发现和预防，口腔保健提供者可以提高这一人群的生活质量，并有助于实现成功老龄化。
