Chua K B, Lam S K, Goh K J, Hooi P S, Ksiazek T G, Kamarulzaman A, Olson J, Tan C T
Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
J Infect. 2001 Jan;42(1):40-3. doi: 10.1053/jinf.2000.0782.
To study the excretion of Nipah virus in the upper respiratory secretions and urine of infected patients in relation to other clinical features.
Isolation of Nipah virus from the respiratory secretions and urine was made in Vero cells and identified by indirect immunofluorescence assay using anti-Hendra specific hyperimmune mouse ascitic fluid and FITC-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG.
During the peak outbreak of Nipah virus encephalitis in Malaysia, Nipah virus was isolated from the upper respiratory secretions and urine in eight of 20 patients who were virologically and/or serologically confirmed to be infected with the virus. From these eight patients, Nipah virus was isolated from six throat swab specimens, three urine specimens and only one nasal swab specimen. The positive virus isolation rate was related to the collection of these specimens during the early phase of the illness (P = 0.068). The presence of serum anti-Nipah specific IgM appeared to reduce the chance of isolating the virus (P = 0.049). There was no significant difference in the isolation rate with respect to the age, gender, ethnic group and clinical features associated with grave prognosis and mortality outcome of the patients.
This study shows that it is possible to be infected from secretions of infected patients, but epidemiological survey on close contacts so far did not suggest that human-to-human transmission is common.
研究尼帕病毒在感染患者上呼吸道分泌物和尿液中的排泄情况及其与其他临床特征的关系。
从呼吸道分泌物和尿液中分离尼帕病毒，接种于非洲绿猴肾细胞（Vero细胞），并使用抗亨德拉病毒特异性超免疫小鼠腹水和异硫氰酸荧光素（FITC）标记的山羊抗小鼠IgG通过间接免疫荧光试验进行鉴定。
在马来西亚尼帕病毒脑炎疫情高峰期，在20例经病毒学和/或血清学确诊感染该病毒的患者中，有8例从其呼吸道分泌物和尿液中分离出尼帕病毒。在这8例患者中，从6份咽拭子标本、3份尿液标本和仅1份鼻拭子标本中分离出尼帕病毒。病毒分离阳性率与疾病早期采集这些标本有关（P = 0.068）。血清抗尼帕病毒特异性IgM的存在似乎降低了分离病毒的几率（P = 0.049）。患者的年龄、性别、种族以及与严重预后和死亡结局相关的临床特征在病毒分离率方面无显著差异。
本研究表明，有可能通过感染患者的分泌物感染，但迄今为止对密切接触者的流行病学调查并未表明人传人很常见。
