Glanz K, Brug J, van Assema P
Cancer Research Center of Hawai'i, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI, USA.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 1997 Aug;51(8):542-7. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600442.
To compare dietary fat intake, the accuracy of individuals' awareness about their fat intake, and sociodemographic and psychosocial correlates of awareness, in Dutch and American samples of employed adults. A discrepancy between objective dietary intake data and subjective self-evaluation of dietary fat consumption has been recognized in the past and might undermine healthy diet promotion interventions, and this is important because people who believe that their diets are healthful are less likely to be interested in making changes. Further, international comparisons have not been examined to date.
Data collected for the baseline surveys of the 'Healthy Bergeijk' study in the Netherlands and the 'Working Well Trial' in the United States were compared.
Working adults from a Dutch community health intervention study (n = 768) and an American worksite health promotion trial (n = 15,440).
Objectively assessed dietary fat intake, measured by food frequency questionnaires, and subjective ratings of fat intake (self-rated fat intake).
Findings show that the Dutch respondents had higher objectively assessed fat intake and lower subjective ratings of fat intake (P < 0.001). American respondents perceived their diets as higher in fat, more often stated their intentions to reduce fat intake, and were slightly more likely to make realistic estimates of their dietary fat. Dutch subjects were significantly more likely to underestimate their fat intakes. In both samples, women were most likely to underestimate their fat consumption and the most educated persons were most likely to be realistic.
A substantial proportion of adults, both in the United States and the Netherlands, lack accurate awareness about how much fat they consume, though errors tend to be in opposite directions in the two countries. This study is an important first step toward broadening our international understanding of human dietary behavior for disease prevention.
比较荷兰和美国在职成年人样本中的膳食脂肪摄入量、个体对自身脂肪摄入量认知的准确性，以及认知的社会人口学和社会心理相关因素。过去已认识到客观膳食摄入数据与膳食脂肪消费主观自我评估之间存在差异，这可能会削弱健康饮食促进干预措施，这一点很重要，因为认为自己饮食健康的人对做出改变的兴趣较低。此外，迄今为止尚未进行国际比较。
对荷兰“健康贝赫伊克”研究和美国“工作良好试验”基线调查收集的数据进行比较。
来自荷兰社区健康干预研究的在职成年人（n = 768）和美国工作场所健康促进试验的在职成年人（n = 15440）。
通过食物频率问卷客观评估的膳食脂肪摄入量，以及脂肪摄入量的主观评分（自我评定的脂肪摄入量）。
研究结果表明，荷兰受访者客观评估的脂肪摄入量较高，而脂肪摄入量的主观评分较低（P < 0.001）。美国受访者认为自己的饮食脂肪含量更高，更常表示有减少脂肪摄入的意愿，并且对自己膳食脂肪的估计更有可能符合实际。荷兰受试者显著更有可能低估自己的脂肪摄入量。在两个样本中，女性最有可能低估自己的脂肪摄入量，而受教育程度最高的人最有可能做出符合实际的估计。
在美国和荷兰，很大一部分成年人对自己摄入的脂肪量缺乏准确的认知，尽管两个国家的错误倾向相反。这项研究是朝着拓宽我们对人类预防疾病饮食行为的国际理解迈出的重要第一步。
