Nierman W C, Feldblyum T V, Laub M T, Paulsen I T, Nelson K E, Eisen J A, Heidelberg J F, Alley M R, Ohta N, Maddock J R, Potocka I, Nelson W C, Newton A, Stephens C, Phadke N D, Ely B, DeBoy R T, Dodson R J, Durkin A S, Gwinn M L, Haft D H, Kolonay J F, Smit J, Craven M B, Khouri H, Shetty J, Berry K, Utterback T, Tran K, Wolf A, Vamathevan J, Ermolaeva M, White O, Salzberg S L, Venter J C, Shapiro L, Fraser C M
The Institute for Genomic Research, 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Mar 27;98(7):4136-41. doi: 10.1073/pnas.061029298. Epub 2001 Mar 20.
The complete genome sequence of Caulobacter crescentus was determined to be 4,016,942 base pairs in a single circular chromosome encoding 3,767 genes. This organism, which grows in a dilute aquatic environment, coordinates the cell division cycle and multiple cell differentiation events. With the annotated genome sequence, a full description of the genetic network that controls bacterial differentiation, cell growth, and cell cycle progression is within reach. Two-component signal transduction proteins are known to play a significant role in cell cycle progression. Genome analysis revealed that the C. crescentus genome encodes a significantly higher number of these signaling proteins (105) than any bacterial genome sequenced thus far. Another regulatory mechanism involved in cell cycle progression is DNA methylation. The occurrence of the recognition sequence for an essential DNA methylating enzyme that is required for cell cycle regulation is severely limited and shows a bias to intergenic regions. The genome contains multiple clusters of genes encoding proteins essential for survival in a nutrient poor habitat. Included are those involved in chemotaxis, outer membrane channel function, degradation of aromatic ring compounds, and the breakdown of plant-derived carbon sources, in addition to many extracytoplasmic function sigma factors, providing the organism with the ability to respond to a wide range of environmental fluctuations. C. crescentus is, to our knowledge, the first free-living alpha-class proteobacterium to be sequenced and will serve as a foundation for exploring the biology of this group of bacteria, which includes the obligate endosymbiont and human pathogen Rickettsia prowazekii, the plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and the bovine and human pathogen Brucella abortus.
新月柄杆菌的完整基因组序列被确定为单个环状染色体上的4,016,942个碱基对，编码3,767个基因。这种生物生长在稀薄的水生环境中，协调细胞分裂周期和多个细胞分化事件。有了注释的基因组序列，控制细菌分化、细胞生长和细胞周期进程的遗传网络的完整描述指日可待。已知双组分信号转导蛋白在细胞周期进程中发挥重要作用。基因组分析表明，新月柄杆菌基因组编码的这类信号蛋白（105个）比迄今为止测序的任何细菌基因组都要多得多。参与细胞周期进程的另一种调节机制是DNA甲基化。细胞周期调节所需的一种必需DNA甲基化酶的识别序列的出现受到严重限制，并且偏向基因间区域。该基因组包含多个基因簇，这些基因簇编码在营养贫乏栖息地生存所必需的蛋白质。其中包括参与趋化作用、外膜通道功能、芳香环化合物降解以及植物衍生碳源分解的基因，此外还有许多胞外功能西格玛因子，使该生物能够应对广泛的环境波动。据我们所知，新月柄杆菌是第一个被测序的自由生活的α-变形菌，将为探索这组细菌的生物学特性奠定基础，这组细菌包括专性内共生菌和人类病原体普氏立克次体、植物病原体根癌土壤杆菌以及牛和人类病原体流产布鲁氏菌。
