Crawford D H
Division of Biomedical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Edinburgh University Medical School, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2001 Apr 29;356(1408):461-73. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2000.0783.
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpesvirus which infects almost all of the world's population subclinically during childhood and thereafter remains in the body for life. The virus colonizes antibody-producing (B) cells, which, as relatively long-lived resting cells, are an ideal site for long-term residence. Here EBV evades recognition and destruction by cytotoxic T cells. EBV is passed to naive hosts in saliva, but how the virus gains access to this route of transmission is not entirely clear. EBV carries a set of latent genes that, when expressed in resting B cells, induce cell proliferation and thereby increase the chances of successful virus colonization of the B-cell system during primary infection and the establishment of persistence. However, if this cell proliferation is not controlled, or if it is accompanied by additional genetic events within the infected cell, it can lead to malignancy. Thus EBV acts as a step in the evolution of an ever-increasing list of malignancies which are broadly of lymphoid or epithelial cell origin. In some of these, such as B-lymphoproliferative disease in the immunocompromised host, the role of the virus is central and well defined; in others, such as Burkitt's lymphoma, essential cofactors have been identified which act in concert with EBV in the evolution of the malignant clone. However, in several diseases in which the presence of EBV has more recently been discovered, the role of the virus is unclear. This review describes recent views on the EBV life cycle and its interlinks with normal B-cell biology, and discusses how this interrelationship may be upset and result in EBV-associated disease.
爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒（EBV）是一种人类疱疹病毒，在儿童期几乎会亚临床感染全球所有人群，此后会终生留存于体内。该病毒定位于产生抗体的（B）细胞，这些细胞作为相对长寿的静止细胞，是长期驻留的理想场所。在此，EBV可逃避细胞毒性T细胞的识别与破坏。EBV通过唾液传播给未感染的宿主，但病毒如何进入这一传播途径尚不完全清楚。EBV携带一组潜伏基因，当这些基因在静止B细胞中表达时，会诱导细胞增殖，从而增加初次感染期间病毒成功定位于B细胞系统并建立持续性感染的几率。然而，如果这种细胞增殖不受控制，或者伴有受感染细胞内的其他基因事件，就可能导致恶性肿瘤。因此，EBV在越来越多的主要起源于淋巴或上皮细胞的恶性肿瘤的演变过程中起到了一定作用。在其中一些疾病中，如免疫功能低下宿主中的B淋巴细胞增殖性疾病，病毒的作用是核心且明确的；而在其他疾病中，如伯基特淋巴瘤，已确定了与EBV协同作用于恶性克隆演变的关键辅助因子。然而，在最近发现EBV存在的几种疾病中，病毒的作用尚不清楚。本综述描述了关于EBV生命周期及其与正常B细胞生物学相互联系的最新观点，并讨论了这种相互关系可能如何被打乱并导致EBV相关疾病。
