Engvall K, Norrby C, Norbäck D
Department of Medical Science/Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, Uppsala University, Sweden.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2001 May;74(4):270-8. doi: 10.1007/s004200000218.
The aim was to study relationships between symptoms compatible with sick building syndrome (SBS) on one hand, and different indicators of building dampness in Swedish multi-family buildings on the other.
In Stockholm, 609 multi-family buildings with 14,235 dwellings were identified, and selected by stratified random sampling. The response rate was 77%. Information on weekly symptoms, age, gender, population density in the apartment, water leakage during the past 5 years, mouldy odour, condensation on windows, and high air humidity in the bathroom was assessed by a postal questionnaire. In addition, independent information on building characteristics was gathered from the building owners, and the central building register in Stockholm. Multiple logistic regression analysis was applied, and adjusted odds ratios (OR) were calculated, adjusted for age and gender, population density, and selected building characteristics.
Condensation on windows, high air humidity in the bathroom, mouldy odour, and water leakage was reported from 9.0%, 12.4%, 7.7% and 12.7% of the dwellings, respectively. In total 28.5% reported at least one sign of dampness. All indicators of dampness were related to an increase of all types of symptoms, significant even when adjusted for age, gender, population density, type of ventilation system, and ownership of the building. A combination of mouldy odour and signs of high air humidity was related to an increased occurrence of all types of symptoms (OR = 3.7-6.0). Similar findings were observed for a combination of mouldy odour and structural building dampness (water leakage) (OR = 2.9 5.2). In addition, a dose-response relationship between symptoms and number of signs of dampness was observed. In dwellings with all four dampness indicators, OR was 6.5, 7.1, 19.9, 5.8, 6.1, 9.4, 15.0 for ocular, nasal, throat, dermal symptoms, cough, headache and tiredness, respectively.
Signs of high air humidity, as well as of structural building dampness, are common in multi-family buildings in Stockholm. Reports of building dampness in dwellings is related to a pronounced increase of symptoms compatible with the SBS, even when adjusted for possible confounding by age, gender, population density, and building-related risk factors.
一方面研究与病态建筑综合征（SBS）相符的症状之间的关系，另一方面研究瑞典多户住宅中不同的建筑潮湿指标之间的关系。
在斯德哥尔摩，确定了609栋有14235套住宅的多户住宅，并通过分层随机抽样进行选择。应答率为77%。通过邮政问卷评估每周症状、年龄、性别、公寓人口密度、过去5年的漏水情况、发霉气味、窗户上的冷凝水以及浴室里的高气湿度等信息。此外，从建筑业主和斯德哥尔摩中央建筑登记处收集有关建筑特征的独立信息。应用多元逻辑回归分析，并计算调整后的优势比（OR），对年龄、性别、人口密度和选定的建筑特征进行调整。
分别有9.0%、12.4%、7.7%和12.7%的住宅报告有窗户上的冷凝水、浴室里的高气湿度、发霉气味和漏水情况。总共有28.5%的住宅报告至少有一个潮湿迹象。所有潮湿指标都与各类症状的增加有关，即使在对年龄、性别、人口密度、通风系统类型和建筑所有权进行调整后仍具有显著性。发霉气味和高气湿度迹象的组合与各类症状的发生率增加有关（OR = 3.7 - 6.0）。发霉气味和建筑结构潮湿（漏水）的组合也有类似发现（OR = 2.9 - 5.2）。此外，观察到症状与潮湿迹象数量之间存在剂量反应关系。在有所有四个潮湿指标的住宅中，眼部、鼻部、咽喉部、皮肤症状、咳嗽、头痛和疲劳的OR分别为6.5、7.1、19.9、5.8、6.1、9.4、15.0。
高气湿度迹象以及建筑结构潮湿迹象在斯德哥尔摩的多户住宅中很常见。住宅中建筑潮湿的报告与与SBS相符的症状明显增加有关，即使在对年龄、性别、人口密度和与建筑相关的风险因素可能造成的混杂进行调整之后也是如此。
