Engvall K, Norrby C, Norbäck D
Stockholm Office of Research and Statistics, Stockholm, Sweden.
Indoor Air. 2003 Sep;13(3):206-11. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0668.2003.00174.x.
The aim was to study relationships between symptoms compatible with the sick building syndrome, type of heating and ventilation system, energy saving, and reconstruction in older dwellings. In Stockholm, 4815 inhabitants in 231 multi-family buildings built before 1961 were randomly selected, of whom 3241 participated (77%). Symptoms and personal factors were assessed by a postal questionnaire. Independent information on building characteristics, and energy saving measures was gathered from the building owners. Multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to calculate odds ratios (OR) adjusting for age, gender, hay fever, current smoking, population density, type of ventilation, type of heating system, and ownership of the building. Subjects in buildings with a mechanical ventilation system had less ocular and nasal symptoms (OR = 0.29-0.85). Heating by electric radiators, and wood heating was associated with an increase of most symptoms (OR = 1.18-1.74). In total, 48% lived in buildings that had gone through at least one type of reconstruction or energy saving remedies during the latest 10 years, including exchange of heating or ventilation system, and sealing measures (exchange of windows, sealing of window frames, roof/attic insulation, and phasade insulation). Energy saving was associated with both a decrease and increase of different symptoms. Major reconstruction of the interior of the building was associated with an increase of most symptoms (OR = 1.09-1.90), and buildings with more than one sealing measure had an increase of ocular, nasal symptoms, headache and tiredness (OR = 1.22-2.49). In conclusion, major reconstruction of the interior, direct heated electric radiators, wood heating, and multiple sealing of buildings were associated with an increase of some symptoms. The study supports the view that mechanical ventilation in dwellings is beneficial from a health point of view.
目的是研究与病态建筑综合症相符的症状、供暖和通风系统类型、节能以及旧住宅改造之间的关系。在斯德哥尔摩，随机选取了1961年以前建造的231栋多户住宅中的4815名居民，其中3241人参与（77%）。通过邮寄问卷评估症状和个人因素。从建筑业主处收集有关建筑特征和节能措施的独立信息。应用多元逻辑回归分析计算调整年龄、性别、花粉热、当前吸烟情况、人口密度、通风类型、供暖系统类型和建筑所有权后的优势比（OR）。采用机械通风系统的建筑中的受试者眼部和鼻部症状较少（OR = 0.29 - 0.85）。使用电暖器供暖和木材供暖与大多数症状的增加相关（OR = 1.18 - 1.74）。总共有48%的人居住在最近10年内至少经历过一种改造或节能措施的建筑中，包括更换供暖或通风系统以及密封措施（更换窗户、密封窗框、屋顶/阁楼隔热和外墙隔热）。节能与不同症状的减少和增加均有关联。建筑物内部的大规模改造与大多数症状的增加相关（OR = 1.09 - 1.90），并且采取了不止一项密封措施的建筑中，眼部、鼻部症状、头痛和疲劳有所增加（OR = 1.22 - 2.49）。总之，建筑物内部的大规模改造、直接加热的电暖器、木材供暖以及建筑物的多次密封与某些症状的增加有关。该研究支持从健康角度来看住宅采用机械通风有益的观点。
