Voisin P, Benderitter M, Claraz M, Chambrette V, Sorokine-Durm I, Delbos M, Durand V, Leroy A, Paillole N
Laboratoire de Dosimétrie Biologique Multiparamétrique, Institut de Protection et Sûreté Nucléaire, IPSN, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2001 May;47(3):557-64.
When accidental exposure to ionizing radiations is suspected, optimal choice of a treatment strategy requires, in addition to information about the clinical signs and physical dosimetry, a determination by biological parameters of the dose received. The scoring of unstable chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes is the current reference method. Preparation of these samples depends on the goal sought--an exact assessment of several irradiations or rapid triage in the case of a large-scale accident. Moreover, some adaptation may be necessary if the irradiation is either heterogenous or not recent. Despite the robustness and adaptability of this procedure, conventional cytogenetics remains a tedious and time-consuming technique, and it requires specialized staff. Scoring micronuclei in binucleated lymphocytes may be an easier, simpler altemative to a dicentric assay. This paper, which is based on the experience acquired by the IPSN in recent years in expert assessment of suspected radiations, has as its goal to provide a succinct technical guideline of these different approaches, as they are adapted to suspected recent irradiation and triage.
当怀疑有意外电离辐射暴露时，除了临床体征和物理剂量测定信息外，选择最佳治疗策略还需要通过生物学参数确定所接受的剂量。对外周血淋巴细胞中不稳定染色体畸变进行评分是目前的参考方法。这些样本的制备取决于所追求的目标——对多次照射进行精确评估或在大规模事故情况下进行快速分类。此外，如果照射是不均匀的或不是近期发生的，可能需要进行一些调整。尽管该程序具有稳健性和适应性，但传统细胞遗传学仍然是一项繁琐且耗时的技术，并且需要专业人员。对双核淋巴细胞中的微核进行评分可能是一种比双着丝粒分析更简便的替代方法。本文基于IPSN近年来在疑似辐射专家评估中获得的经验，旨在为这些不同方法提供一份简洁的技术指南，因为它们适用于疑似近期照射和分类。
