Kucuk Omer
Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, 3990 John R, 5 Hudson, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
Cancer Invest. 2002;20(2):237-45. doi: 10.1081/cnv-120001151.
The importance of prevention in reducing the morbidity and mortality from cancer has been widely recognized. With the demonstration of tamoxifen's ability to prevent breast cancer in women, the feasibility of cancer chemoprevention in humans is now established. Future clinical chemoprevention studies should focus on phytochemicals, cancer preventive compounds in fruits, vegetables and other plants. Many phytochemicals are excellent potential chemopreventive agents, because, in addition to their cancer preventive effects, they are relatively non-toxic and inexpensive, they can be taken orally and some of them have other health benefits as well. New opportunities in clinical chemoprevention research include investigating chemopreventive effects of phytochemicals and conducting studies in patients with cancer. There is also a great need to investigate potential benefits and risks of administering phytochemicals before, during or after conventional therapies, such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiation or hormonal therapy. In addition, administration of chemopreventive agents prior to surgery provides an opportunity to investigate the modulation of genetic and epigenetic pathways by putative cancer preventive compounds and nutrients.
预防在降低癌症发病率和死亡率方面的重要性已得到广泛认可。随着他莫昔芬预防女性乳腺癌能力的证实，癌症化学预防在人类中的可行性现已确立。未来的临床化学预防研究应聚焦于植物化学物质，即水果、蔬菜和其他植物中的防癌化合物。许多植物化学物质是极具潜力的化学预防剂，因为除了具有防癌作用外，它们相对无毒且价格低廉，可以口服，并且其中一些还具有其他健康益处。临床化学预防研究的新机遇包括研究植物化学物质的化学预防效果以及在癌症患者中开展研究。此外，迫切需要研究在手术、化疗、放疗或激素治疗等传统疗法之前、期间或之后使用植物化学物质的潜在益处和风险。此外，在手术前给予化学预防剂提供了一个机会，来研究假定的防癌化合物和营养素对基因和表观遗传途径的调节作用。
