Kontogiannis Tom, Kossiavelou Zoe, Marmaras Nicolas
Department of Production Engineering and Management, Technical University of Crete, Chunia GR, Greece.
Accid Anal Prev. 2002 May;34(3):381-99. doi: 10.1016/s0001-4575(01)00035-5.
Recent studies have shown that unsafe driver acts can be classified into two distinct categories (i.e.. errors and violations) entailing different measures for reducing road traffic accidents. A survey of over 1,400 drivers in Greece is reported in which a variety of aberrant driving behaviours have been identified. The present study has confirmed the results of earlier studies in the driving populations of Britain. Australia and Sweden that errors and violations are the major determinants in the factor structure of aberrant behaviours. Three types of violations were identified including, highway code-, aggressive- and parking-violations (or situational violations). Mistakes and lapses were two major forms of errors. The factor analysis identified another two classes of behaviour that could not be accounted for very well by the error-violation distinction. One class of behaviours referred to a state of low preparedness and negligence while the other class referred to communication errors and 'social disregard' for the other road users. Each class of behaviour was found to have different demographic correlates. Finally, accident liability was predicted by self-reported tendency to commit highway-code violations, but not by tendency to make errors due to failures of judgement (i.e.. mistakes) or lapses. Aggressive violations were significantly related to involvement in speeding convictions and law-breaking whilst highway-code violations were related to speeding convictions only.
最近的研究表明，不安全驾驶行为可分为两个不同的类别（即错误和违规），这需要采取不同的措施来减少道路交通事故。报告了一项对希腊1400多名司机的调查，其中识别出了各种异常驾驶行为。本研究证实了英国、澳大利亚和瑞典驾驶人群早期研究的结果，即错误和违规是异常行为因素结构中的主要决定因素。识别出了三种违规类型，包括违反交通规则、攻击性和停车违规（或情境违规）。失误和疏忽是错误的两种主要形式。因素分析确定了另外两类行为，错误-违规区分无法很好地解释这两类行为。一类行为指的是准备不足和疏忽的状态，而另一类行为指的是沟通错误和对其他道路使用者的“社会漠视”。发现每类行为都有不同的人口统计学关联。最后，事故责任是通过自我报告的违反交通规则的倾向来预测的，而不是通过因判断失误（即错误）或疏忽而犯错的倾向来预测的。攻击性违规与超速定罪和违法显著相关，而违反交通规则仅与超速定罪相关。
