Lauritzen Lotte, Jørgensen Marianne H, Hansen Harald S, Michaelsen Kim F
Center for Advanced Food Studies, Research Department of Human Nutrition, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Lipids. 2002 Mar;37(3):237-44. doi: 10.1007/s11745-002-0886-2.
Within the Danish population, milk DHA (22:6n-3) levels vary by more than a factor of 10. This paper deals with fluctuations in the milk content of 22:6n-3 and other long-chain PUFA (LCPUFA) and the acute effects of fish meals and fish oil supplements on milk levels of LCPUFA. Twelve fish-eating mothers with 4-mon-old infants provided one blood and one adipose tissue sample, and seven consecutive morning hind-milk samples with dietary records from the previous days. Another 12 lactating women were given fish oil (2-8 g) for breakfast and delivered 6-12 milk samples during the following 24 h. The mean milk 22:6n-3 content of the fish-eating mothers was 0.57+/-0.28 FA% (= percentage of total area of FAME peaks in GLC) and the day-to-day variation (SD/mean) within the individual was 35+/-17%. Mean milk 22:6n-3 content on mornings with no fish the day before was 0.42+/-0.15 FA%; this was increased by 82+/-17% (n = 9, P = 0.05) if the mother had eaten fatty fish. Fish oil resulted in a twofold increase in milk 22:6n-3 levels, which peaked after 10 h and lasted for 24 h. The EPA content of milk was also increased by fish meals and fish oil supplements, but these had no effect on the level of arachidonic acid. The study showed that diurnal and day-to-day fluctuations in levels of milk n-3 LCPUFA are large, which makes it difficult to assess the 22:6n-3 intake of breast-fed infants from a single milk sample. In studies of the functional outcome of dietary 22:6n-3 in breast-fed infants it is suggested also to use a measure of maternal 22:6n-3 status.
在丹麦人群中，母乳中二十二碳六烯酸（DHA，22:6n - 3）的含量相差超过10倍。本文探讨了母乳中22:6n - 3及其他长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LCPUFA）含量的波动情况，以及鱼粉和鱼油补充剂对母乳中LCPUFA含量的急性影响。12位哺乳期母亲及其4个月大的婴儿提供了一份血液样本、一份脂肪组织样本，以及连续7份早晨的后奶样本，并记录了前几天的饮食情况。另外12位哺乳期妇女早餐时服用鱼油（2 - 8克），并在接下来的24小时内提供6 - 12份母乳样本。食用鱼类的母亲母乳中22:6n - 3的平均含量为0.57±0.28 FA%（=气相色谱法中脂肪酸甲酯峰总面积的百分比），个体内每日变化（标准差/平均值）为35±17%。前一天未食用鱼类的早晨，母乳中22:6n - 3的平均含量为0.42±0.15 FA%；如果母亲食用了富含脂肪的鱼类，该含量会增加82±17%（n = 9，P = 0.05）。鱼油使母乳中22:6n - 3的含量增加了两倍，在10小时后达到峰值，并持续24小时。鱼粉和鱼油补充剂也会使母乳中二十碳五烯酸（EPA）的含量增加，但对花生四烯酸的含量没有影响。研究表明，母乳中n - 3 LCPUFA含量的昼夜和每日波动很大，这使得仅通过单一母乳样本难以评估母乳喂养婴儿的22:6n - 3摄入量。在关于母乳喂养婴儿膳食中22:6n - 3功能结果的研究中，建议同时测量母亲的22:6n - 3状态。
