Thompson Vetta L Sanders
Dept of Psychology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, 63121, USA.
Community Ment Health J. 2002 Apr;38(2):111-8. doi: 10.1023/a:1014539003562.
Some scholars have suggested that stressful living conditions are a major source of mental disorder among African Americans (Krieger, 1999; Neighbors, 1990; Kessler & Neighbors, 1986). There has, however, been debate as to whether this higher level of distress is due to racism or the fact that African Americans are more often of lower socioeconomic status. Stressors that play a significant role in mental disorder might be expected to occur more frequently among African Americans than the general population. This paper attempts to provide empirical support for the notion that racism is a separate and unique source of stress for African Americans. Specifically, it was hypothesized that African Americans would report more experiences of (1) daily stress and (2) racism than other groups and (3) the impact of racial stress would be greater among African Americans. One hundred and fifty six participants completed the Daily Stress Inventory and the Experience of Discrimination questionnaire. Multivariate analysis of variance indicated that African Americans reported higher impact of discrimination scores than European Americans. There were no gender or ethnicity differences in daily stress or the number of racial incidents reported. The implications of the data are discussed.
一些学者认为，压力重重的生活状况是非裔美国人精神障碍的主要根源（克里格，1999年；内伯斯，1990年；凯斯勒和内伯斯，1986年）。然而，对于这种更高程度的痛苦是由于种族主义还是非裔美国人更常处于较低社会经济地位这一事实，一直存在争论。在精神障碍中起重要作用的压力源可能在非裔美国人中比在普通人群中更频繁地出现。本文试图为种族主义是非裔美国人一个独立且独特的压力源这一观点提供实证支持。具体而言，研究假设是，与其他群体相比，非裔美国人会报告更多（1）日常压力经历和（2）种族主义经历，以及（3）种族压力对非裔美国人的影响会更大。156名参与者完成了《日常压力量表》和《歧视经历问卷》。多变量方差分析表明，非裔美国人报告的歧视得分影响高于欧裔美国人。在日常压力或报告的种族事件数量方面不存在性别或种族差异。文中讨论了这些数据的意义。
