Westerterp-Plantenga M S, van Marken Lichtenbelt W D, Strobbe H, Schrauwen P
Department of Human Biology, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002 Apr;56(4):288-96. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601308.
Assessment of the effect of a lowered ambient temperature, ie 16 degrees C (61 degrees F), compared to 22 degrees C (72 degrees F), on energy intake (EI), energy expenditure (EE) and respiratory quotient (RQ) in men.
Randomized within-subject design in which subjects stayed in a respiration chamber three times for 60 h each, once at 22 degrees C, and twice at 16 degrees C, wearing standardized clothing, executing a standardized daily activities protocol, and were fed in energy balance (EBI): no significant difference between EE and EI over 24 h). During the last 24 h at 22 degrees C, and once during the last 24 h at 16 degrees C, they were fed ad libitum.
Nine dietary unrestrained male subjects (ages 24+/-5 y, body mass index (BMI) 22.7+/-2.1 kg/m(2), body weight 76.2+/-9.4 kg, height 1.83+/-0.06 m, 18+/-5% body fat).
At 16 degrees C (EB), EE (total 24 h EE) was increased to 12.9+/-2.0 MJ/day as compared to 12.2+/-2.2 MJ/day at 22 degrees C (P<0.01). The increase was due to increases in sleeping metabolic rate (SMR; the lowest EE during three consecutive hours with hardly any movements as indicated by radar): 7.6+/-0.7 vs 7.2+/-0.7 MJ/day (P<0.05) and diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT; EE-SMR, when activity induced energy expenditure as indicated by radar=0): 1.7+/-0.4 vs 1.0+/-0.4 MJ/day (P<0.01). Physical activity level (PAL; EE/SMR) was 1.63-1.68. At 16 degrees C compared to at 22 degrees C, rectal, proximal and distal skin temperatures had decreased (P<0.01). RQ was not different between the two ambient temperature situations. During ad libitum feeding, subjects overate by 32+/-12% (at 22 degrees C) and by 34+/-14% (at 16 degrees C). Under these circumstances, the decrease of rectal temperature at 16 degrees C was attenuated, and inversely related to percentage overeating (r(2)=0.7; P<0.01).
We conclude that at 16 degrees C, compared to 22 degrees C, energy metabolism was increased, due to increases in SMR and DIT. Overeating under ad libitum circumstances at 16 degrees C attenuated the decrease in rectal core body temperature.
评估与22摄氏度（72华氏度）相比，降低环境温度至16摄氏度（61华氏度）对男性能量摄入（EI）、能量消耗（EE）和呼吸商（RQ）的影响。
受试者内随机设计，受试者在呼吸室内停留三次，每次60小时，一次在22摄氏度，两次在16摄氏度，穿着标准化服装，执行标准化日常活动方案，并保持能量平衡（EBI：24小时内EE和EI无显著差异）。在22摄氏度的最后24小时以及16摄氏度的最后24小时中的一次，给予他们随意进食。
9名饮食无节制的男性受试者（年龄24±5岁，体重指数（BMI）22.7±2.1kg/m²，体重76.2±9.4kg，身高1.83±0.06m，体脂18±5%）。
在16摄氏度（EBI）时，EE（24小时总EE）增加至12.9±2.0兆焦/天，而在22摄氏度时为12.2±2.2兆焦/天（P<0.01）。增加的原因是睡眠代谢率（SMR；连续三小时几乎无活动时的最低EE，通过雷达显示）增加：7.6±0.7与7.2±0.7兆焦/天（P<0.05）以及饮食诱导产热（DIT；EE - SMR，当活动诱导的能量消耗通过雷达显示为0时）增加：1.7±0.4与1.0±0.4兆焦/天（P<0.01）。身体活动水平（PAL；EE/SMR）为1.63 - 1.68。与22摄氏度相比，16摄氏度时直肠、近端和远端皮肤温度降低（P<0.01）。两种环境温度情况下RQ无差异。在随意进食期间，受试者在22摄氏度时过度进食32±12%，在16摄氏度时过度进食34±14%。在这些情况下，16摄氏度时直肠温度的降低减弱，且与过度进食百分比呈负相关（r² = 0.7；P<0.01）。
我们得出结论，与22摄氏度相比，在16摄氏度时能量代谢增加，这是由于SMR和DIT增加所致。在16摄氏度随意进食情况下的过度进食减弱了直肠核心体温的降低。
