低温环境下人体的能量代谢

Energy metabolism in humans at a lowered ambient temperature.

作者信息

Westerterp-Plantenga M S, van Marken Lichtenbelt W D, Strobbe H, Schrauwen P

机构信息

Department of Human Biology, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

出版信息

Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002 Apr;56(4):288-96. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601308.

DOI:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601308

PMID:11965504

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

Assessment of the effect of a lowered ambient temperature, ie 16 degrees C (61 degrees F), compared to 22 degrees C (72 degrees F), on energy intake (EI), energy expenditure (EE) and respiratory quotient (RQ) in men.

DESIGN

Randomized within-subject design in which subjects stayed in a respiration chamber three times for 60 h each, once at 22 degrees C, and twice at 16 degrees C, wearing standardized clothing, executing a standardized daily activities protocol, and were fed in energy balance (EBI): no significant difference between EE and EI over 24 h). During the last 24 h at 22 degrees C, and once during the last 24 h at 16 degrees C, they were fed ad libitum.

SUBJECTS

Nine dietary unrestrained male subjects (ages 24+/-5 y, body mass index (BMI) 22.7+/-2.1 kg/m(2), body weight 76.2+/-9.4 kg, height 1.83+/-0.06 m, 18+/-5% body fat).

RESULTS

At 16 degrees C (EB), EE (total 24 h EE) was increased to 12.9+/-2.0 MJ/day as compared to 12.2+/-2.2 MJ/day at 22 degrees C (P<0.01). The increase was due to increases in sleeping metabolic rate (SMR; the lowest EE during three consecutive hours with hardly any movements as indicated by radar): 7.6+/-0.7 vs 7.2+/-0.7 MJ/day (P<0.05) and diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT; EE-SMR, when activity induced energy expenditure as indicated by radar=0): 1.7+/-0.4 vs 1.0+/-0.4 MJ/day (P<0.01). Physical activity level (PAL; EE/SMR) was 1.63-1.68. At 16 degrees C compared to at 22 degrees C, rectal, proximal and distal skin temperatures had decreased (P<0.01). RQ was not different between the two ambient temperature situations. During ad libitum feeding, subjects overate by 32+/-12% (at 22 degrees C) and by 34+/-14% (at 16 degrees C). Under these circumstances, the decrease of rectal temperature at 16 degrees C was attenuated, and inversely related to percentage overeating (r(2)=0.7; P<0.01).

CONCLUSION

We conclude that at 16 degrees C, compared to 22 degrees C, energy metabolism was increased, due to increases in SMR and DIT. Overeating under ad libitum circumstances at 16 degrees C attenuated the decrease in rectal core body temperature.

摘要

目的

评估与22摄氏度（72华氏度）相比，降低环境温度至16摄氏度（61华氏度）对男性能量摄入（EI）、能量消耗（EE）和呼吸商（RQ）的影响。

设计

受试者内随机设计，受试者在呼吸室内停留三次，每次60小时，一次在22摄氏度，两次在16摄氏度，穿着标准化服装，执行标准化日常活动方案，并保持能量平衡（EBI：24小时内EE和EI无显著差异）。在22摄氏度的最后24小时以及16摄氏度的最后24小时中的一次，给予他们随意进食。

受试者

9名饮食无节制的男性受试者（年龄24±5岁，体重指数（BMI）22.7±2.1kg/m²，体重76.2±9.4kg，身高1.83±0.06m，体脂18±5%）。

结果

在16摄氏度（EBI）时，EE（24小时总EE）增加至12.9±2.0兆焦/天，而在22摄氏度时为12.2±2.2兆焦/天（P<0.01）。增加的原因是睡眠代谢率（SMR；连续三小时几乎无活动时的最低EE，通过雷达显示）增加：7.6±0.7与7.2±0.7兆焦/天（P<0.05）以及饮食诱导产热（DIT；EE - SMR，当活动诱导的能量消耗通过雷达显示为0时）增加：1.7±0.4与1.0±0.4兆焦/天（P<0.01）。身体活动水平（PAL；EE/SMR）为1.63 - 1.68。与22摄氏度相比，16摄氏度时直肠、近端和远端皮肤温度降低（P<0.01）。两种环境温度情况下RQ无差异。在随意进食期间，受试者在22摄氏度时过度进食32±12%，在16摄氏度时过度进食34±14%。在这些情况下，16摄氏度时直肠温度的降低减弱，且与过度进食百分比呈负相关（r² = 0.7；P<0.01）。