Gambarian A S, Iamnikova S S, L'vov D K, Robertson J S, Webster R G, Matrosovich M N
Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, 142782 Russia.
Mol Biol (Mosk). 2002 May-Jun;36(3):542-9.
The affinity of the duck, chicken, and human influenza viruses to the host cell sialosides was determined, and considerable distinctions between duck and chicken viruses were found. Duck viruses bind to a wide range of sialosides, including the short-stem gangliosides. Most of the chicken viruses, like human ones, lose the ability to bind these gangliosides, which strictly correlates with the appearance of carbohydrate at position 158-160. The affinity of the chicken viruses to sialoglycoconjugates of chicken intestine as well as chicken, monkey, and human respiratory epithelial cells exceeds that of the duck viruses. The human influenza viruses have high affinity to the same cells but do not bind at all to the duck epithelial cell. This testifies to the absence of 6'-sialylgalactose residues from the duck cells, in contrast to chicken and monkey cells. The alteration of the receptor specificity of chicken viruses in comparison with duck ones results in the similarity of the patterns of accessible cells for chicken and human influenza viruses. This may be the cause of the appearance of the line of H9N2 viruses from Hong Kong live bird markets with receptor specificity similar to that of H3N2 human viruses, and of the ability of H5N1 and H9N2 chicken influenza viruses to infect humans.
测定了鸭、鸡和人流感病毒对宿主细胞唾液酸苷的亲和力，发现鸭病毒和鸡病毒之间存在显著差异。鸭病毒能结合多种唾液酸苷，包括短茎神经节苷脂。大多数鸡病毒与人病毒一样，失去了结合这些神经节苷脂的能力，这与158 - 160位碳水化合物的出现密切相关。鸡病毒对鸡肠道以及鸡、猴和人呼吸道上皮细胞的唾液糖缀合物的亲和力超过鸭病毒。人流感病毒对相同细胞具有高亲和力，但完全不与鸭上皮细胞结合。这证明鸭细胞中不存在6'-唾液酸半乳糖残基，而鸡和猴细胞则有。与鸭病毒相比，鸡病毒受体特异性的改变导致鸡流感病毒和人流感病毒可感染细胞模式的相似性。这可能是香港活禽市场出现H9N2病毒株（其受体特异性与H3N2人病毒相似）以及H5N1和H9N2鸡流感病毒能够感染人类的原因。
