Naveh Einat, Werman Moshe J, Sabo Edmond, Neeman Ishak
Department of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Technion, Israel.
J Nutr. 2002 Jul;132(7):2015-8. doi: 10.1093/jn/132.7.2015.
The potential use of avocado as a fiber source was evaluated. The total dietary fiber content of fresh avocado fruit of the Ettinger variety was 5.2 g/100 g. Approximately 75% was insoluble, and 25% soluble. The water-holding capacity of dry defatted avocado pulp was similar to that of cellulose, and trypsin inhibitors were not detected. The dietary and metabolic consequences of the avocado pulp were studied in male rats fed normal and hypercholesterolemic diets. Rats consumed semipurified diets containing either avocado pulp as the dietary fiber source or cellulose (control) with or without 10 g/kg cholesterol and 5 g/kg cholic acid. Food consumption and body weight gain were lower in rats fed avocado compared with those fed cellulose. Relative cecum weight was higher in avocado-fed rats. Plasma and hepatic cholesterol levels did not differ in rats fed diets without cholesterol, but plasma cholesterol was greater in avocado-fed than in cellulose-fed rats that consumed cholesterol. Regardless of dietary cholesterol, hepatic total fat levels, as evaluated histologically, but not directly, were lower in avocado-fed rats. These data suggest the presence of an appetite depressant in avocado and that avocado pulp interferes with hepatic fat metabolism.
对鳄梨作为纤维来源的潜在用途进行了评估。埃廷格品种新鲜鳄梨果实的总膳食纤维含量为5.2克/100克。其中约75%为不溶性纤维，25%为可溶性纤维。干燥脱脂鳄梨果肉的持水能力与纤维素相似，且未检测到胰蛋白酶抑制剂。在喂食正常饮食和高胆固醇饮食的雄性大鼠中研究了鳄梨果肉的饮食和代谢影响。大鼠食用半纯化饮食，其中含有鳄梨果肉作为膳食纤维来源或纤维素（对照），添加或不添加10克/千克胆固醇和5克/千克胆酸。与喂食纤维素的大鼠相比，喂食鳄梨的大鼠食物消耗量和体重增加较低。喂食鳄梨的大鼠相对盲肠重量较高。在不喂食胆固醇的大鼠中，血浆和肝脏胆固醇水平没有差异，但在食用胆固醇的大鼠中，喂食鳄梨的大鼠血浆胆固醇高于喂食纤维素的大鼠。无论饮食中是否含有胆固醇，通过组织学评估而非直接测量，喂食鳄梨的大鼠肝脏总脂肪水平较低。这些数据表明鳄梨中存在食欲抑制剂，且鳄梨果肉会干扰肝脏脂肪代谢。
