Lansford Jennifer E, Dodge Kenneth A, Pettit Gregory S, Bates John E, Crozier Joseph, Kaplow Julie
Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0545, USA.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2002 Aug;156(8):824-30. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.156.8.824.
To determine whether child physical maltreatment early in life has long-term effects on psychological, behavioral, and academic problems independent of other characteristics associated with maltreatment.
Prospective longitudinal study with data collected annually from 1987 through 1999.
Randomly selected, community-based samples of 585 children from the ongoing Child Development Project were recruited the summer before children entered kindergarten in 3 geographic sites. Seventy-nine percent continued to participate in grade 11. The initial in-home interviews revealed that 69 children (11.8%) had experienced physical maltreatment prior to kindergarten matriculation.
Adolescent assessment of school grades, standardized test scores, absences, suspensions, aggression, anxiety/depression, other psychological problems, drug use, trouble with police, pregnancy, running away, gang membership, and educational aspirations.
Adolescents maltreated early in life were absent from school more than 1.5 as many days, were less likely to anticipate attending college compared with nonmaltreated adolescents, and had levels of aggression, anxiety/depression, dissociation, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, social problems, thought problems, and social withdrawal that were on average more than three quarters of an SD higher than those of their nonmaltreated counterparts. The findings held after controlling for family and child characteristics correlated with maltreatment.
Early physical maltreatment predicts adolescent psychological and behavioral problems, beyond the effects of other factors associated with maltreatment. Undetected early physical maltreatment in community populations represents a major problem worthy of prevention.
确定儿童早期遭受身体虐待是否会对心理、行为和学业问题产生长期影响，而不受与虐待相关的其他特征的影响。
前瞻性纵向研究，于1987年至1999年每年收集数据。
从正在进行的儿童发展项目中随机选取、以社区为基础的585名儿童样本，在3个地理区域的儿童进入幼儿园前的那个夏天招募。79%的儿童继续参与到11年级。最初的家庭访谈显示，69名儿童（11.8%）在进入幼儿园之前曾遭受身体虐待。
青少年对学业成绩、标准化考试分数、缺勤、停学、攻击行为、焦虑/抑郁、其他心理问题、药物使用、与警方的麻烦、怀孕、离家出走、帮派成员身份以及教育抱负的评估。
早年遭受虐待的青少年缺课天数是未受虐待青少年的1.5倍多，与未受虐待的青少年相比，他们上大学的预期可能性较小，并且在攻击行为、焦虑/抑郁、解离、创伤后应激障碍症状、社交问题、思维问题和社交退缩方面的水平平均比未受虐待的同龄人高出标准差的四分之三以上。在控制了与虐待相关的家庭和儿童特征后，这些发现依然成立。
早期身体虐待预示着青少年的心理和行为问题，超出了与虐待相关的其他因素的影响。社区人群中未被发现的早期身体虐待是一个值得预防的重大问题。
