Cromwell Gary L
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546, USA.
Anim Biotechnol. 2002 May;13(1):7-27. doi: 10.1081/ABIO-120005767.
In summary, published research data clearly show that the use of antibiotics during all phases of growth benefits the rate and efficiency of body weight gain, reduces mortality and morbidity, reduces subclinical disease, and improves health in pigs. Also, antibiotics at breeding and during lactation benefits reproductive and lactational performance in sows. The economic benefits are several-fold greater than the cost of the antibiotic when a cost-effective antibiotic is used for this purpose. Monitoring and surveillance of microbial resistance in animals and humans has continued, with no animal-to-human infection path being clearly delineated. Although the incidence of antibiotic resistance in the human population remains high, there is no clear evidence that the levels or patterns have changed. The high levels of antimicrobial resistance in humans likely result from antibiotics prescribed directly to humans, because well over half of the antibiotics produced in the United States is used in human medicine. Whether antibiotic usage in swine, poultry, and other food-producing animals contributes to antibiotic resistance in the human population will continue to be debated. Even though antibiotics have been fed for nearly 50 years to literally billions of animals, there is still no convincing evidence of unfavorable health effects in humans that can be directly linked to the feeding of subtherapeutic levels of antibiotics to swine or other animals. Hopefully, policy decisions in the future regarding the use of antimicrobials in animals will be based on science and sound risk assessment, and not on emotionalism.
总之，已发表的研究数据清楚地表明，在猪生长的各个阶段使用抗生素有利于体重增加的速度和效率，降低死亡率和发病率，减少亚临床疾病，并改善猪的健康状况。此外，在繁殖期和哺乳期使用抗生素有利于母猪的繁殖和泌乳性能。当使用具有成本效益的抗生素用于此目的时，经济效益比抗生素成本高出数倍。对动物和人类的微生物耐药性监测一直在持续，尚未明确划定动物到人类的感染途径。虽然人群中抗生素耐药性的发生率仍然很高，但没有明确证据表明其水平或模式发生了变化。人类中高水平的抗菌药物耐药性可能源于直接给人类开的抗生素，因为美国生产的抗生素超过一半用于人类医学。猪、家禽和其他食用动物中抗生素的使用是否会导致人群中的抗生素耐药性仍将是一个有争议的问题。尽管抗生素已经给数十亿只动物喂食了近50年，但仍然没有令人信服的证据表明，给猪或其他动物喂食亚治疗水平的抗生素会对人类健康产生不利影响。希望未来关于动物使用抗菌药物的政策决定将基于科学和合理的风险评估，而不是情绪化。
