Saletu B, Saletu M, Brown M, Stern J, Sletten I, Ulett G
Neuropsychobiology. 1975;1(4):218-42. doi: 10.1159/000117497.
The effects of hypnosis, acupuncture and analgesic drugs on the subjective experience of pain and on objective neurophysiological parameters were investigated. Pain was produced by brief electric stimuli on the wrist. Pain challengers were: hypnosis (induced by two different video tapes), acupuncture (at specific and unspecific loci, with and without electrical stimulation of the needles), morphine and ketamine. Evaluation of clinical parameters included the subjective experience of pain intensity, blood pressure, puls, temperature, psychosomatic symptoms and side effects. Neurophysiological parameters consisted of the quantitatively analyzed EEG and somatosensory evlked potential (SEP). Pain was significantly reduced by hypnosis, morphine and ketamine, but not during the control seesion. Of the four acupuncture techniques, only electro-acupuncture at specific loci significantly decreased pain. The EEG changes during hypnosis were dependent on the wording of the suggestion and were characterized by an increase of slow and a decrease of fast waves. Acupuncture induced just the opposite changes, which were most significant when needles were inserted at traditional specific sites and stimulated electrically. The evoked potential findings suggested that ketamine attenuates pain in the thalamo-cortical pathways, while hypnosis, acupuncture and morphine induce analgesia at the later CNS stage of stimulus processing. Finally some clinical-neurophysiological correlations were explored.
研究了催眠、针灸和镇痛药对疼痛主观体验及客观神经生理参数的影响。通过对手腕进行短暂电刺激产生疼痛。疼痛激发因素包括：催眠（由两盘不同录像带诱导）、针灸（在特定和非特定部位，有针电刺激和无针电刺激）、吗啡和氯胺酮。临床参数评估包括疼痛强度的主观体验、血压、脉搏、体温、身心症状和副作用。神经生理参数包括定量分析的脑电图和体感诱发电位（SEP）。催眠、吗啡和氯胺酮可显著减轻疼痛，但在对照期间无此效果。在四种针灸技术中，只有特定部位的电针显著减轻疼痛。催眠期间的脑电图变化取决于暗示的措辞，其特征是慢波增加和快波减少。针灸引起相反的变化，当在传统特定部位进针并进行电刺激时最为显著。诱发电位研究结果表明，氯胺酮在丘脑-皮质通路中减轻疼痛，而催眠、针灸和吗啡在刺激处理的中枢神经系统后期阶段诱导镇痛。最后探讨了一些临床-神经生理相关性。
