Voas Robert B, Fisher Deborah A, Tippetts A Scott
Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton, MD 20705-3102, USA.
Addiction. 2002 Nov;97(11):1439-48. doi: 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2002.t01-2-00267.x.
This study examines whether differences in two risk factors for crash-related injury for children-riding with a drinking driver and failure to use restraints-are related to various driver characteristics such as age, gender, ethnicity and drinking.
DESIGN, PARTICIPANTS, MEASUREMENTS: Data on driver blood alcohol concentration (BAC), use of restraints and certain demographics were drawn from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System. Ethnicity data came from the Multiple Cause of Death File and socioeconomic information from the US Census. The use of restraints by child passengers and the drinking of alcohol by adult drivers are examined as a function of age, gender and membership of five racial/ethnic groups: White American, Black American, Native American, Asian/Pacific Islander American and Hispanic American. This study covers 160,770 drivers and 12,266 children younger than 16 years killed in motor vehicle crashes from January 1,1990 to December 31,1996.
As might be expected, analyses of fatally injured drivers showed that, compared with men, women were more likely to be accompanied by children at the time of their crash, but those children were more likely to be restrained than if travelling with men. Drivers who had been drinking at the time of their crash were less likely to be transporting children and those children were less likely to be restrained. Analyses of killed children indicated that some ethnic groups, compared with White drivers, were more likely to be BAC-positive and children were less likely to be restrained.
These findings underscore the continuing need to understand cultural factors in traffic safety and develop and disseminate culturally appropriate education programs.
本研究探讨儿童与酒后驾车司机同乘以及未使用安全带这两个与撞车相关伤害的风险因素差异是否与年龄、性别、种族和饮酒等各种司机特征有关。
设计、参与者、测量方法：司机血液酒精浓度（BAC）、安全带使用情况及某些人口统计学数据取自死亡分析报告系统。种族数据来自多死因档案，社会经济信息来自美国人口普查。儿童乘客安全带使用情况及成年司机饮酒情况作为年龄、性别和五个种族/族裔群体（美国白人、美国黑人、美国原住民、亚裔/太平洋岛民、西班牙裔）成员身份的函数进行研究。本研究涵盖1990年1月1日至1996年12月31日期间在机动车撞车事故中死亡的160770名司机和12266名16岁以下儿童。
正如预期的那样，对致命受伤司机的分析表明，与男性相比，女性在撞车时更有可能有儿童陪伴，但这些儿童比与男性同乘时更有可能系安全带。撞车时饮酒的司机搭载儿童的可能性较小，且这些儿童系安全带的可能性也较小。对死亡儿童的分析表明，与白人司机相比，一些种族群体的BAC呈阳性的可能性更大，儿童系安全带的可能性更小。
这些发现强调了持续了解交通安全文化因素以及制定和传播适合不同文化的教育项目的必要性。
