Hodge R Anthony, Longo J M Justin
Anthony Hodge Consultants Inc., 767 Matheson Avenue, Victoria, BC V9A 6E4.
Can J Public Health. 2002 Sep-Oct;93 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S16-23. doi: 10.1007/BF03405113.
This paper offers an overview of existing international monitoring systems with relevance for environmental health surveillance. Representative monitoring systems are described that: address areas of chronic and acute exposure, and diseases and behavioural effects resulting from human-environment interactions; have an ecosystem focus with perhaps a secondary motivation of ascertaining human health impacts that may result from ecosystem conditions; and that incorporate socio-demographic and economic data that may reflect population health determinants. General conclusions on the state of environmental surveillance systems and suites of indicators reviewed are provided in relation to their utility for the development of a generic environmental health surveillance system. This review indicates, among other things, that no obvious short list of core indicators exists which spans "environmental health" to provide a sufficient set applicable in a global context. Through a summary of challenges and limitations in existing systems and indicator sets, recommendations are provided for the discussion of indicator selection and organization, and of developing general and widely applicable environmental health monitoring and surveillance systems.
本文概述了与环境卫生监测相关的现有国际监测系统。文中描述了具有代表性的监测系统，这些系统：涉及慢性和急性暴露领域，以及人类与环境相互作用所导致的疾病和行为影响；以生态系统为重点，或许还有确定生态系统状况可能对人类健康产生的影响这一次要动机；并且纳入了可能反映人群健康决定因素的社会人口和经济数据。文中针对所审查的环境监测系统和指标集的现状，就其对开发通用环境卫生监测系统的效用给出了一般性结论。除其他事项外，本次审查表明，不存在一份明显的核心指标简短清单，这些指标涵盖“环境卫生”领域，从而提供一套适用于全球范围的充分指标。通过总结现有系统和指标集的挑战与局限性，为讨论指标选择和组织以及开发通用且广泛适用的环境卫生监测系统提供了建议。
