Ohayon Maurice M, Partinen Markku
Stanford Sleep Epidemiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
J Sleep Res. 2002 Dec;11(4):339-46. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2869.2002.00317.x.
The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of insomnia symptoms and diagnoses in the general population of Finland. A total of 982 participants, aged 18 years or older and representative of the general population of Finland, were interviewed by telephone using the Sleep-EVAL system. The participation rate was 78%. The questionnaire included the assessment of sleep habits, insomnia symptomatology according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV) and International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD), associated and sleep/mental disorders and daytime consequences. The overall prevalence of insomnia symptoms occurring at least three nights per week was 37.6%. Difficulty initiating sleep were mentioned by 11.9% of the sample, difficulty maintaining sleep by 31.6%, early morning awakenings by 11.0% and non-restorative sleep by 7.9% of the sample. Global dissatisfaction with sleep was found in 11.9% of the sample. Daytime consequences (fatigue, mood changes, cognitive difficulties or daytime sleepiness) were reported by 39.9% of participants with insomnia symptoms and 87.6% of those with sleep dissatisfaction. A deterioration of sleep in summer or winter was associated with more complaints of sleep dissatisfaction. Prevalence of any DSM-IV insomnia diagnosis was 11.7%. More specifically, DSM-IV diagnosis of primary insomnia had a prevalence of 1.6% and DSM-IV diagnosis of insomnia related to another mental disorder was at 2.1%. Insomnia was a symptom of another sleep disorder in about 16% of cases and of a mental disorder in about 17% of cases. As reported in other Nordic studies, sleep quality was worse in summer. Insomnia symptomatology was common and was reported by more than a third of Finnish participants. Compared with other European countries studied with the same methodology (France, the UK, Germany, and Italy), the prevalence of DSM-IV insomnia diagnosis was 1.5 to two times higher in Finland.
本研究旨在评估芬兰普通人群中失眠症状及诊断的流行情况。共有982名年龄在18岁及以上、具有芬兰普通人群代表性的参与者通过电话使用睡眠评估系统接受了访谈。参与率为78%。问卷内容包括睡眠习惯评估、根据《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版（DSM-IV）和《国际睡眠障碍分类》（ICSD）进行的失眠症状学评估、相关睡眠/精神障碍以及日间后果。每周至少三个晚上出现失眠症状的总体流行率为37.6%。样本中有11.9%的人提到入睡困难，31.6%的人提到维持睡眠困难，11.0%的人提到清晨早醒，7.9%的人提到睡眠无恢复感。样本中有11.9%的人表示对睡眠总体不满意。39.9%有失眠症状的参与者和87.6%对睡眠不满意的参与者报告了日间后果（疲劳、情绪变化、认知困难或日间嗜睡）。夏季或冬季睡眠质量下降与更多睡眠不满意的抱怨相关。DSM-IV中任何失眠诊断的流行率为11.7%。更具体地说，DSM-IV中原发性失眠的诊断流行率为1.6%，与另一种精神障碍相关的失眠诊断流行率为2.1%。在约16%的病例中，失眠是另一种睡眠障碍的症状，在约17%的病例中，失眠是一种精神障碍的症状。正如其他北欧研究报告的那样，夏季睡眠质量较差。失眠症状很常见，超过三分之一的芬兰参与者报告有此症状。与采用相同方法研究的其他欧洲国家（法国、英国、德国和意大利）相比，芬兰DSM-IV失眠诊断的流行率高出1.5至两倍。
