Penner-Wilger Marcie, Leth-Steensen Craig, LeFevre Jo-Anne
Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Mem Cognit. 2002 Oct;30(7):1160-7. doi: 10.3758/bf03194333.
Is the locus of the problem-size effect in mental arithmetic different across cultures? In a novel approach to this question, the ex-Gaussian distributional model was applied to response times for large (e.g., 8 x 9) and small (e.g., 2 x 3) problems obtained from Chinese and Canadian graduate students in a multiplication production task (LeFevre & Liu, 1997). The problem-size effect for the Chinese group occurred in mu (the mean of the normal component), whereas the problem-size effect for the Canadian group occurred in both mu and tau (the mean of the exponential component). The results support the position that the problem-size effect for the Chinese group is purely a memory-retrieval effect, whereas for the Canadian group, it is an effect of both retrieval and the use of nonretrieval solution procedures.
心算中问题大小效应的轨迹在不同文化中是否存在差异？针对这个问题，采用了一种新颖的方法，将前高斯分布模型应用于从中国和加拿大研究生在乘法运算任务中获得的大问题（例如，8×9）和小问题（例如，2×3）的反应时间上（LeFevre & Liu，1997）。中国组的问题大小效应出现在μ（正态成分的均值）上，而加拿大人组的问题大小效应则同时出现在μ和τ（指数成分的均值）上。结果支持了这样一种观点，即中国组的问题大小效应纯粹是一种记忆检索效应，而对于加拿大人组来说，它是检索和使用非检索解决程序两者的效应。
