van Koesveld J J M, Tetteroo G W M, de Graaf E J R
Department of Surgery, IJsselland Hospital, Prins Constantijnweg 2, 2906 ZC Capelle aan den IJssel, The Netherlands.
Surg Endosc. 2003 Jun;17(6):943-6. doi: 10.1007/s00464-002-9067-4. Epub 2003 Mar 14.
Head-mounted display (HMD) decreases the forced adjustments of position and eyes in endoscopic surgery. During transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM), these adjustments might even be greater because of the direct viewing technique. We investigated the feasibility of HMD in TEM.
Head-mounted display is a helmet with two built-in displays. The stereoscopic endoscope (with two separate lens systems) provides separate images at each display. During TEM, standard stereoscopic optic and HMD were alternated.
Use of HMD was possible after construction of a special device. The helmet was comfortable to wear, and the peripheral view was adequate. The operator's position was upright and relaxed. The range and depth of vision seemed comparable with those of the standard stereoscopic optic. The quality of the displays in the helmet is limited.
Head-mounted display is feasible in TEM. It enables a more relaxed position and view on the operative field. The quality of the display in the helmet requires improvement.
头戴式显示器（HMD）可减少内镜手术中对身体位置和眼睛的强制调整。在经肛门内镜显微手术（TEM）中，由于采用直视技术，这些调整可能会更大。我们研究了HMD在TEM中的可行性。
头戴式显示器是一种带有两个内置显示器的头盔。立体内镜（有两个独立的镜头系统）在每个显示器上提供单独的图像。在TEM过程中，标准立体光学设备和HMD交替使用。
在构建了一种特殊装置后，可以使用HMD。头盔佩戴舒适，周边视野充足。操作者的姿势直立且放松。视野范围和深度似乎与标准立体光学设备相当。头盔中显示器的质量有限。
头戴式显示器在TEM中是可行的。它能使操作者在手术视野中保持更放松的姿势和视野。头盔中显示器的质量需要改进。
