Shikany James M, Patterson Ruth E, Agurs-Collins Tanya, Anderson Garnet
Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294, USA.
Prev Med. 2003 Mar;36(3):379-87. doi: 10.1016/s0091-7435(02)00050-6.
Although antioxidant supplements are widely available and commonly used in the United States, there is a lack of detailed information on their use, including types of supplements used, doses, duration of use, and changes in use over time.
Antioxidant supplement use was assessed in participants in the Clinical Trial (n = 68,133) and Observational Study (n = 93,676) of the Women's Health Initiative. In-person interviews and a computerized inventory procedure were used to collect data on supplement use during baseline clinic visits from 1993 through 1998.
Antioxidant supplements were widely consumed. For example, 55.5% of participants reported taking supplemental vitamin C in some form. Supplement use was positively associated with age, education, and physical activity. Most antioxidants were consumed through multivitamins. However, high doses were commonly consumed from single supplements, with 43.9% using single vitamin C supplements taking >500 mg and 86.1% using single vitamin E supplements taking >200 IU daily. Except for beta-carotene, there were increases in the use of all supplements from 1993 to 1998.
This report demonstrates the feasibility of collecting comprehensive dietary supplement use data in large studies. These data may aid in the design of supplement use questionnaires, which could help to prevent misclassification error in epidemiologic studies of diet and disease.
尽管抗氧化剂补充剂在美国广泛可得且被普遍使用，但关于其使用的详细信息却很缺乏，包括所使用补充剂的类型、剂量、使用持续时间以及随时间的使用变化情况。
在女性健康倡议的临床试验（n = 68,133）和观察性研究（n = 93,676）的参与者中评估抗氧化剂补充剂的使用情况。通过面对面访谈和计算机化盘点程序收集1993年至1998年基线诊所访视期间补充剂使用的数据。
抗氧化剂补充剂被广泛食用。例如，55.5%的参与者报告以某种形式服用过补充维生素C。补充剂的使用与年龄、教育程度和身体活动呈正相关。大多数抗氧化剂是通过复合维生素摄入的。然而，高剂量通常是从单一补充剂中摄取，43.9%的人使用每日服用量超过500毫克的单一维生素C补充剂，86.1%的人使用每日服用量超过200国际单位的单一维生素E补充剂。除了β-胡萝卜素外，从1993年到1998年所有补充剂的使用都有所增加。
本报告证明了在大型研究中收集全面膳食补充剂使用数据的可行性。这些数据可能有助于设计补充剂使用问卷，这有助于在饮食与疾病的流行病学研究中防止错误分类误差。
