Ternes Thomas A, Stüber Jeannette, Herrmann Nadine, McDowell Derek, Ried Achim, Kampmann Martin, Teiser Bernhard
ESWE-Institute for Water Research and Water Technology, Söhnleinstrasse 158, D-65201 Wiesbaden, Germany.
Water Res. 2003 Apr;37(8):1976-82. doi: 10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00570-5.
A pilot plant for ozonation and UV-disinfection received effluent from a German municipal sewage treatment plant (STP) to test the removal of pharmaceuticals, iodinated X-ray contrast media (ICM) and musk fragrances from municipal wastewater. In the original STP effluent, 5 antibiotics (0.34-0.63 microgl(-1)), 5 betablockers (0.18-1.7 microgl(-1)), 4 antiphlogistics (0.10-1.3 microgl(-1)), 2 lipid regulator metabolites (0.12-0.13 microgl(-1)), the antiepileptic drug carbamazepine (2.1 microgl(-1)), 4 ICM (1.1-5.2 microgl(-1)), the natural estrogen estrone (0.015 microgl(-1)) and 2 musk fragrances (0.1-0.73 microgl(-1)) were detected by LC-electrospray tandem MS and/or GC/MS/MS. ICM, derived from radiological examinations, were present with the highest concentrations (diatrizoate: 5.7 microgl(-1), iopromide: 5.2 microgl(-1)). By applying 10-15 mgl(-1) ozone (contact time: 18 min), all the pharmaceuticals investigated as well as musk fragrances (HHCB, AHTN) and estrone were no longer detected. However, ICM (diatrizoate, iopamidol, iopromide and iomeprol) were still detected in appreciable concentrations. Even with a 15 mgl(-1) ozone dose, the ionic diatrizoate only exhibited removal efficiencies of not higher than 14%, while the non-ionic ICM were removed to a degree of higher than 80%. Advanced oxidation processes (O(3)/UV-low pressure mercury arc, O(3)/H(2)O(2)), which were non-optimized for wastewater treatment, did not lead significantly to a higher removal efficiency for the ICM than ozone alone.
一座用于臭氧氧化和紫外线消毒的中试工厂接收了来自德国一座城市污水处理厂（STP）的出水，以测试从城市废水中去除药物、碘化X射线造影剂（ICM）和麝香香料的效果。在原污水处理厂出水中，通过液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱和/或气相色谱/质谱/质谱检测到5种抗生素（0.34 - 0.63微克/升）、5种β受体阻滞剂（0.18 - 1.7微克/升）、4种消炎药（0.10 - 1.3微克/升）、2种脂质调节剂代谢物（0.12 - 0.13微克/升）、抗癫痫药物卡马西平（2.1微克/升）、4种ICM（1.1 - 5.2微克/升）、天然雌激素雌酮（0.015微克/升）和2种麝香香料（0.1 - 0.73微克/升）。源自放射检查的ICM浓度最高（泛影酸盐：5.7微克/升，碘普罗胺：5.2微克/升）。通过施加10 - 15毫克/升的臭氧（接触时间：18分钟），所有研究的药物以及麝香香料（HHCB、AHTN）和雌酮均未再被检测到。然而，ICM（泛影酸盐、碘美普尔、碘普罗胺和碘海醇）仍能检测到相当高的浓度。即使臭氧剂量为15毫克/升，离子型泛影酸盐的去除效率也仅不高于14%，而非离子型ICM的去除率高于80%。针对废水处理未进行优化的高级氧化工艺（O(3)/UV - 低压汞弧、O(3)/H(2)O(2)），对于ICM的去除效率相比单独使用臭氧并未显著提高。
