Visalli N, Sebastiani L, Adorisio E, Conte A, De Cicco A L, D'Elia R, Manfrini S, Pozzilli P
Unit of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Interdisciplinary Centre for Biomedical Research, University Campus Bio-Medico, University of Rome La Sapienza.
Arch Dis Child. 2003 Aug;88(8):695-8. doi: 10.1136/adc.88.8.695.
In subjects genetically susceptible to type 1 diabetes, exposure to environmental factors during the gestational period, the neonatal period, and the first years of life is thought to play an important role in triggering the immune process leading to beta cell destruction.
To investigate risk factors for inhabitants of continental Italy.
A case-control study of 150 type 1 diabetes cases and 750 control subjects (age range 6-18 years) was carried out in Rome and its province, measuring the exposure to environmental risk factors.
Three environmental factors were found to occur significantly more in the diabetic group than in the controls. During the mothers' pregnancies, the one risk factor which proved to be higher in diabetics than in controls was maternal infectious disease. During the neonatal period, no risk factors associated with the disease were detected. During early life, eczema and a short duration of breast feeding (less than three months), occurred significantly more in diabetic cases than controls.
Eczema and breast feeding for less than three months are risk factors for type 1 diabetes in a southern European population. The type, duration, and mode of treatment for infectious diseases during pregnancy need additional investigation as risk factors for type 1 diabetes.
在1型糖尿病的遗传易感性个体中，孕期、新生儿期及生命最初几年暴露于环境因素被认为在触发导致β细胞破坏的免疫过程中起重要作用。
调查意大利大陆居民的危险因素。
在罗马及其省份对150例1型糖尿病病例和750名对照者（年龄范围6 - 18岁）进行病例对照研究，测量环境危险因素的暴露情况。
发现糖尿病组中三种环境因素的出现频率显著高于对照组。在母亲孕期，糖尿病患者中高于对照组的一个危险因素是母亲感染性疾病。在新生儿期，未检测到与该疾病相关的危险因素。在生命早期，湿疹和母乳喂养时间短（少于三个月）在糖尿病病例中比对照组显著更多见。
湿疹和母乳喂养少于三个月是南欧人群1型糖尿病的危险因素。孕期感染性疾病的类型、持续时间及治疗方式作为1型糖尿病的危险因素需要进一步研究。
