Leonhardt A, Berglundh T, Ericsson I, Dahlén G
Faculty of Odontology, University of Göteborg, Sweden.
Clin Oral Implants Res. 1992 Sep;3(3):112-9. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0501.1992.030303.x.
The microflora around titanium implants and teeth in 4 beagle dogs was analyzed in order to follow the longitudinal development from healthy conditions to experimental gingivitis and periodontitis. A 2-month plaque control program was performed to establish healthy conditions on titanium implants and control teeth (baseline, day 0). Subgingival bacterial samples and radiographs were obtained. The plaque control was ceased and all measurements were repeated on day 21 (gingivitis). A new period of plaque control was initiated to re-establish healthy conditions (day 49). A cotton ligature was placed subgingivally around the implants and the control teeth to induce tissue breakdown. The ligatures were removed on day 91. The study was completed with registrations on day 121 (periodontitis). No significant microbiological difference was found between titanium implants and teeth in healthy conditions and in gingivitis and periodontitis. The mean total viable count increased 10 times on implants as well as on teeth. Streptococci were dominating at baseline: 40.2% on implants and 60.6% on teeth and decreased in gingivitis to 11.7% and 5.4%. When periodontitis had developed, the proportion of streptococci was < 1%. At baseline few Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia were detected. They increased at gingivitis to 37.4% and 21.0%; when periodontitis developed, they comprised about 25.0%. Microbial colonization and establishment on titanium implants with healthy gingiva, experimental gingivitis and periodontitis follow the same pattern as on teeth.
为了追踪从健康状态到实验性牙龈炎和牙周炎的纵向发展过程，对4只比格犬钛种植体周围和牙齿周围的微生物群进行了分析。进行了为期2个月的菌斑控制计划，以在钛种植体和对照牙齿上建立健康状态（基线，第0天）。获取龈下细菌样本和X光片。停止菌斑控制，并在第21天（牙龈炎）重复所有测量。开始新的菌斑控制期以重新建立健康状态（第49天）。在种植体和对照牙齿龈下放置棉结扎线以诱导组织破坏。结扎线在第91天拆除。研究在第121天（牙周炎）进行记录后完成。在健康状态、牙龈炎和牙周炎阶段，钛种植体和牙齿之间未发现显著的微生物学差异。种植体和牙齿上的平均总活菌数均增加了10倍。基线时链球菌占主导：种植体上为40.2%，牙齿上为60.6%，在牙龈炎时分别降至11.7%和5.4%。当牙周炎发展时，链球菌比例<1%。基线时检测到少量牙龈卟啉单胞菌和中间普氏菌。它们在牙龈炎时增加到37.4%和21.0%；当牙周炎发展时，它们约占25.0%。健康牙龈、实验性牙龈炎和牙周炎状态下钛种植体上的微生物定植和形成与牙齿上的模式相同。
