Childs A C, Mehta D J, Gerner E W
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, 1515 N. Campbell Avenue, P.O. Box 245024, Tucson, Arizona 85724, USA.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2003 Jul;60(7):1394-406. doi: 10.1007/s00018-003-2332-4.
The polyamines spermidine and spermine along with the diamine putrescine are involved in many cellular processes, including chromatin condensation, maintenance of DNA structure, RNA processing, translation and protein activation. The polyamines influence the formation of compacted chromatin and have a well-established role in DNA aggregation. Polyamines are used in the posttranslational modification of eukaryotic initiation factor 5A, which regulates the transport and processing of specific RNA. The polyamines also participate in a novel RNA-decoding mechanism, a translational frame-shift, of at least two known genes, the TY1 transposon and mammalian antizyme. Polyamines are crucial for their own regulation and are involved in feedback mechanisms affecting both polyamine synthesis and catabolism. Recently, it has become apparent that the polyamines are able to influence the action of the protein kinase casein kinase 2. Here we address several roles of polyamines in gene expression.
多胺亚精胺和精胺以及二胺腐胺参与许多细胞过程，包括染色质凝聚、DNA结构维持、RNA加工、翻译和蛋白质激活。多胺影响紧密染色质的形成，并在DNA聚集方面具有公认的作用。多胺用于真核起始因子5A的翻译后修饰，该因子调节特定RNA的转运和加工。多胺还参与至少两个已知基因（TY1转座子和哺乳动物抗酶）的一种新型RNA解码机制，即翻译移码。多胺对其自身的调节至关重要，并参与影响多胺合成和分解代谢的反馈机制。最近，多胺能够影响蛋白激酶酪蛋白激酶2的作用这一点已变得很明显。在此，我们阐述多胺在基因表达中的几种作用。
