Emergency Management and Diagnostics, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
Zoonoses Public Health. 2012 Sep;59 Suppl 2:80-94. doi: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2012.01495.x.
For the response to a zoonotic disease outbreak to be effective, animal health authorities and disease specialists must be involved. Animal health measures are commonly directed at known diseases that threaten the health of animals and impact owners. The measures have long been applied to zoonotic diseases, including tuberculosis and brucellosis, and can be applied to emerging diseases. One Health (veterinary, public, wildlife and environmental health) and all-hazards preparedness work have done much to aid interdisciplinary understanding and planning for zoonotic diseases, although further improvements are needed. Actions along the prevention, preparedness, response and recovery continuum should be considered. Prevention of outbreaks consists largely of import controls on animals and animal products and biosecurity. Preparedness includes situational awareness, research, tool acquisition, modelling, training and exercises, animal movement traceability and policy development. Response would include detection systems and specialized personnel, institutions, authorities, strategies, methods and tools, including movement control, depopulation and vaccination if available and appropriate. The specialized elements would be applied within a general (nationally standardized) system of response. Recovery steps begin with continuity of business measures during the response and are intended to restore pre-event conditions. The surveillance for novel influenza A viruses in swine and humans and the preparedness for and response to the recent influenza pandemic illustrate the cooperation possible between the animal and public health communities.
为了使针对人畜共患病爆发的反应有效，动物卫生当局和疾病专家必须参与其中。动物卫生措施通常针对已知的威胁动物健康并影响所有者的疾病。这些措施早已应用于人畜共患病，包括结核病和布鲁氏菌病，并且可以应用于新出现的疾病。“同一健康”（兽医、公共卫生、野生动物和环境卫生）和全灾害防备工作在促进人畜共患病的跨学科理解和规划方面做了很多工作，尽管还需要进一步改进。应考虑沿着预防、准备、应对和恢复连续体采取行动。爆发的预防主要包括对动物和动物产品的进口控制和生物安全。准备工作包括情况意识、研究、工具获取、建模、培训和演习、动物运动可追溯性和政策制定。应对措施将包括检测系统和专门人员、机构、当局、战略、方法和工具，包括在可用且适当的情况下进行动物流动控制、扑杀和接种。专门要素将在一般（国家标准化）应对系统内应用。恢复步骤始于应对期间的业务连续性措施，并旨在恢复事件发生前的条件。在猪和人类中对新型甲型流感病毒的监测以及对最近流感大流行的准备和应对说明了动物和公共卫生界之间可能进行的合作。
