Shekhar K C, Huat O L
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Malaysia.
Asia Pac J Public Health. 1992;6(2):15-25. doi: 10.1177/101053959300600203.
Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), though endemic in the sixties, emerged as a major public health problem in Malaysia from 1973 onwards. The incidence rate of DHF which was 10.1 per 100,000 in 1973 has fallen down to 1.9 per 100,000 in 1987 with a mean case fatality rate of 6.4 per 100 persons. The Chinese appear to be more prone to DHF with the highest mean morbidity rate of 5.5 per 100,000 and case fatality rate of 6.1%. The incidence of DHF is higher in the males with a higher case fatality rate in females. Male Chinese appear to be mainly affected. The overall age-specific incidence rate is highest in two age groups, viz. 5-9 years and 10-19 years of age with a mean morbidity rate of 4.9 cases per 100,000. The mean age-specific case fatality rate was highest in the 0-4 years age group. Dengue hemorrhagic fever is predominantly an urban disease in Malaysia with a mean incidence rate of 5.3 cases per 100,000 as opposed to 1.2 cases per 100,000 being reported from rural areas. The mean overall incidence of deaths in the urban area is 0.5 compared to 0.1 per 100,000 for rural areas. There is a marked seasonal correlation between DHF cases and rainfall, with a peak in August. While all four serotypes of dengue viruses are found in Malaysia, Den 2 appears to be isolated with greater frequency during all the epidemics.
登革出血热（DHF）在20世纪60年代虽为地方性疾病，但自1973年起在马来西亚成为一个主要的公共卫生问题。1973年登革出血热的发病率为每10万人中有10.1例，到1987年已降至每10万人中有1.9例，平均病死率为每100人中有6.4例。华人似乎更易患登革出血热，平均发病率最高，为每10万人中有5.5例，病死率为6.1%。登革出血热的发病率男性较高，而女性的病死率较高。华裔男性似乎是主要的患病群体。总体年龄别发病率在两个年龄组最高，即5至9岁和10至19岁年龄组，平均发病率为每10万人中有4.9例。年龄别平均病死率在0至4岁年龄组最高。在马来西亚，登革出血热主要是一种城市疾病，平均发病率为每10万人中有5.3例，而农村地区报告的发病率为每10万人中有1.2例。城市地区的平均总死亡率为0.5，而农村地区为每10万人中有0.1例。登革出血热病例与降雨量之间存在明显的季节性关联，8月为高峰期。虽然在马来西亚发现了所有四种血清型的登革病毒，但在所有疫情期间，2型登革病毒似乎更频繁地被分离出来。
