Autti-Rämö I, Korkman M, Hilakivi-Clarke L, Lehtonen M, Halmesmäki E, Granström M L
Department of Child Neurology, University of Helsinki, Childrens' Castle Hospital, Finland.
J Pediatr. 1992 May;120(5):740-6. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(05)80237-9.
In a prospective follow-up study, 60 children exposed to alcohol in utero were assessed by a psychologist (Bayley Mental scale) and a speech therapist (Reynell Verbal Comprehension scale) at a mean age of 27 months. Many mothers had been able to reduce their alcohol consumption during pregnancy, so the children could be divided into those exposed to heavy drinking during the first trimester only (group 1, n = 20), those exposed during the first and second trimesters (group 2, n = 20), and those exposed throughout pregnancy (group 3, n = 20). Forty-eight nonexposed children were examined to set the -2 SD limit for subnormal performance on the Bayley and Reynell tests. No definite effect of alcohol exposure on mental or language development was found in group 1. Children in group 3 scored significantly lower than children in group 1 both on the Bayley Mental scale and on the Reynell Verbal Comprehension scale; delay in language development was seen more often in group 2 than in group 1. The diagnosis of fetal alcohol syndrome was made in seven children (one in group 2 and six in group 3) and the diagnosis of fetal alcohol effects in 13 children (one in group 1, three in group 2, and nine in group 3). Efforts should be made to identify and find proper treatment for women who drink alcohol early in their pregnancies.
在一项前瞻性随访研究中，60名子宫内接触酒精的儿童在平均27个月大时由一名心理学家（贝利智力量表）和一名言语治疗师（雷内尔语言理解量表）进行评估。许多母亲在孕期能够减少酒精摄入量，因此这些儿童可分为仅在孕早期接触大量饮酒的儿童（第1组，n = 20）、在孕早期和孕中期接触酒精的儿童（第2组，n = 20）以及整个孕期都接触酒精的儿童（第3组，n = 20）。检查了48名未接触酒精的儿童，以确定贝利和雷内尔测试中表现低于正常水平的-2标准差界限。第1组未发现酒精接触对智力或语言发育有明确影响。第3组儿童在贝利智力量表和雷内尔语言理解量表上的得分均显著低于第1组儿童；第2组比第1组更常出现语言发育延迟。7名儿童被诊断为胎儿酒精综合征（第2组1名，第3组6名），13名儿童被诊断为胎儿酒精影响（第1组1名，第2组3名，第3组9名）。应努力识别并为孕期早期饮酒的女性找到合适的治疗方法。
