MUNDT J O
Appl Microbiol. 1963 Mar;11(2):136-40. doi: 10.1128/am.11.2.136-140.1963.
Enterococci were obtained from the feces of 71% of 216 mammals, 86% of 70 reptiles, and 32% of 22 birds sampled in a truly wild environment, the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Patterns of food dependence and also of species dependence were observed. Among the lower classes of the primarily herbivorous mammals, the enterococci occurred sporadically; however, of the six species of Sciuridae, the gray squirrel, and of four species of Cricetidae, the red-backed mouse, the enterococci appear to be natural hosts. The enterococci were not obtained from most specimens of moles, shrews, or rabbits but they were obtained from most specimens of bats and from the carnivorous mammals, such as fox, bear, raccon, skunk, and boar. Streptococcus faecalis was obtained from 12 reptiles, and a caseolytic variant was obtained from 37 specimens of the reptiles. The strongly reducing, tellurite-tolerant species, S. faecalis, its caseolytic variant, and S. faecalis var. zymogenes were isolated from 127 or 41% of 308 specimens cultured. S. faecium was recovered from 87 or 28% of the animals, chiefly from the wild boar (60 of 64 trials) and the black bear. S. zymogenes was obtained from 1 of 31 bats, 3 of 12 raccoons, and 1 of 3 owls.
在大烟山国家公园这个真正的野生环境中，从216只哺乳动物的粪便中分离出肠球菌的比例为71%，从70只爬行动物粪便中分离出的比例为86%，从22只鸟类粪便中分离出的比例为32%。观察到了食物依赖模式和物种依赖模式。在主要为食草性的低等哺乳动物类别中，肠球菌呈散发性出现；然而，在松鼠科的6个物种中的灰松鼠，以及仓鼠科的4个物种中的红背鼠中，肠球菌似乎是天然宿主。大多数鼹鼠、鼩鼱或兔子的样本中未分离出肠球菌，但大多数蝙蝠样本以及狐狸、熊、浣熊、臭鼬和野猪等食肉哺乳动物的样本中分离出了肠球菌。从12只爬行动物中分离出了粪肠球菌，从37份爬行动物样本中分离出了一种溶酪变体。从308份培养样本中的127份（占41%）中分离出了强还原、耐碲酸盐的粪肠球菌及其溶酪变体和产酶粪肠球菌变种。从87只（占28%）动物中分离出了屎肠球菌，主要来自野猪（64次试验中的60次）和黑熊。从31只蝙蝠中的1只、12只浣熊中的3只和3只猫头鹰中的1只中分离出了产酶链球菌。
