Fazio E, Ferlazzo A
Department of Morphology, Biochemistry, Physiology and Animal Production, Unit of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Messina, Italy.
Vet Res Commun. 2003 Sep;27 Suppl 1:519-24. doi: 10.1023/b:verc.0000014211.87613.d9.
Domestic animals are transported for a variety of reasons including breeding, biomedical purposes, slaughter and, in the case of sporting horses, for competitions, pleasure activities or ceremonial proceedings. Studies to determine the amount of stress on farm animals during transport often have highly variable results and are difficult to interpret. The reaction of animals to stressors depends on the duration and intensity of the stressors, the animal's previous experience, its physiological status and the immediate environmental restraints. Behavioural, haematological, haematochemical, physiological and neuro-hormonal (beta-endorphin, ACTH, cortisol, iodothyronines) variables are discussed on the basis of handling, loading and transport procedures of animals.
家畜运输的原因多种多样，包括繁殖、生物医学用途、屠宰，对于赛马而言，还包括参加比赛、娱乐活动或仪式活动。确定家畜在运输过程中的应激量的研究结果往往差异很大，难以解读。动物对应激源的反应取决于应激源的持续时间和强度、动物以前的经历、其生理状态以及直接的环境限制。基于动物的处理、装载和运输程序，讨论了行为、血液学、血液生化、生理和神经激素（β-内啡肽、促肾上腺皮质激素、皮质醇、甲状腺素）变量。
