Capecchi Barbara, Serruto Davide, Adu-Bobie Jeannette, Rappuoli Rino, Pizza Mariagrazia
IRIS, Chiron S.r.l.,Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy.
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2004 Jan;6(1):17-27.
The conventional approach to vaccine development is based on dissection of the pathogen using biochemical, immunological and microbiological methods. Although successful in several cases, this approach has failed to provide a solution to prevent several major bacterial infections. The availability of complete genome sequences in combination with novel advanced technologies, such as bioinformatics, microarrays and proteomics, have revolutionized the approach to vaccine development and provided a new impulse to microbial research. The genomic revolution allows the design of vaccines starting from the prediction of all antigens in silico, independently of their abundance and without the need to grow the pathogen in vitro. This new genome-based approach, which we have named "Reverse Vaccinology", has been successfully applied for Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B for which conventional strategies have failed to provide an efficacious vaccine. The concept of "Reverse Vaccinology" can be easily applied to all the pathogens for which vaccines are not yet available and can be extended to parasites and viruses.
传统的疫苗研发方法是基于利用生化、免疫和微生物学方法对病原体进行剖析。尽管在一些情况下取得了成功，但这种方法未能为预防几种主要的细菌感染提供解决方案。完整基因组序列的可得性，与生物信息学、微阵列和蛋白质组学等新型先进技术相结合，彻底改变了疫苗研发方法，并为微生物研究提供了新的动力。基因组革命使得疫苗设计能够从计算机上预测所有抗原开始，而无需考虑其丰度，也无需在体外培养病原体。这种新的基于基因组的方法，我们称之为“反向疫苗学”，已成功应用于B群脑膜炎奈瑟菌，传统策略未能为其提供有效的疫苗。“反向疫苗学”的概念可以很容易地应用于所有尚未有疫苗的病原体，并且可以扩展到寄生虫和病毒。
