Alvarez-Royo P, Zola-Morgan S, Squire L R
Group in Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093.
Behav Brain Res. 1992 Nov 30;52(1):1-5. doi: 10.1016/s0166-4328(05)80319-5.
During the last decade, an animal model of human amnesia was developed in the monkey. Studies using this model have identified structures in the medial temporal lobe that are essential for forming long-term memory (i.e. the hippocampus and the entorhinal, perirhinal and parahippocampal cortices). Recently, an important aspect of these studies was questioned by Ringo (Behav. Brain Res., 42 (1991) 123-134). He suggested that the data from the delayed non-matching-to-sample task, which has been extensively used in these studies, have been analyzed in a potentially misleading way. He reanalyzed the data from several laboratories by transforming percent correct data to a discriminability (d') measure based on signal detection theory. In monkeys with lesions, performance appeared to be equivalently impaired at short and long retention delays. He concluded that the data do not support the idea that medial temporal lobe damage produces an impairment in long-term memory, but not short-term memory. However, most of the studies he analyzed were not designed to address the distinction between short-term and long-term memory. We show here that, in studies designed to compare short-term and long-term memory directly, medial temporal lobe lesions impair long-term memory while leaving short-term memory intact. This result is obtained whether the data are analyzed using a percent correct measure, the d' measure, or an arcsine transform.
在过去十年间，一种人类失忆症的动物模型在猴子身上得以建立。运用该模型开展的研究已确定了内侧颞叶中对于形成长期记忆至关重要的结构（即海马体以及内嗅皮质、嗅周皮质和海马旁皮质）。最近，这些研究的一个重要方面受到了林戈的质疑（《行为脑科学》，42卷（1991年）123 - 134页）。他指出，在这些研究中被广泛使用的延迟非匹配样本任务所获得的数据，其分析方式可能具有误导性。他通过基于信号检测理论将正确百分比数据转换为辨别力（d'）指标，对来自多个实验室的数据进行了重新分析。在患有损伤的猴子中，无论在短保留延迟还是长保留延迟情况下，表现似乎都受到了同等程度的损害。他得出结论，这些数据并不支持内侧颞叶损伤会导致长期记忆受损而非短期记忆受损这一观点。然而，他所分析的大多数研究并非旨在探讨短期记忆与长期记忆之间的差异。我们在此表明，在旨在直接比较短期记忆和长期记忆的研究中，内侧颞叶损伤会损害长期记忆，而短期记忆则保持完好。无论使用正确百分比指标、d'指标还是反正弦变换来分析数据，都能得出这一结果。
