Githiori John B, Höglund Johan, Waller Peter J, Leyden Baker R
International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya.
Vet Parasitol. 2003 Dec 30;118(3-4):215-26. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2003.10.006.
Parasitic nematodes are among the most common and economically important infectious diseases of grazing livestock, especially in small ruminants in the tropics and subtropics in Kenya the control of gastrointestinal nematode infections in sheep and goats is usually made with synthetic anthelmintics but substantial levels of anthelmintic resistance have been recorded. A number of medicinal plants, that may provide possible alternatives, and are used by pastoralists and smallholder farmers in Kenya as deworming agents for their livestock and equines, namely Aframomum sanguineum, Dodonea angustifolia, Hildebrandtia sepalosa, Myrsine africana, Rapanea melanophloeos from Kenya, and Azadirachta indica from Kenya and Malaysia, together with the chemicals embelin and santonin that occur in some of these plants, were evaluated against Heligmosomoides polygyrus in mice. Commercial anthelmintics, namely ivermectin, pyrantel and piperazine, were also investigated, both to validate the mouse model system and to assess efficacy of these drugs against H. polygyrus. Pyrantel and ivermectin were highly effective in reducing the numbers of H. polygyrus worms as well as eggs in faeces of the mice, but piperazine had a lower activity. Application of santonin and M. africana significantly reduced the number of total worm counts (TWC) but not faecal egg counts (FEC). The use of embelin, R. melanophloeos and A. indica reduced FEC but not TWC. In all cases, however, reductions were well below the a priori level of 70% required for biological significance. A. sanguineum, D. angustifolia and H. sepalosa had no effect on either TWC or FEC. In conclusion, none of the plant preparations had any biologically significant anthelmintic effect in this monogastric host-parasite model system.
寄生线虫是放牧家畜最常见且在经济上最重要的传染病之一，尤其是在肯尼亚热带和亚热带地区的小型反刍动物中。绵羊和山羊胃肠道线虫感染的防治通常使用合成驱虫药，但已记录到相当程度的驱虫药抗性。肯尼亚的一些药用植物可能提供替代方案，牧民和小农户用其作为家畜和马的驱虫剂，即来自肯尼亚的血红豆蔻、狭叶异木患、萼花希尔德布兰特木、非洲铁仔、黑木紫金牛，以及来自肯尼亚和马来西亚的印楝，连同这些植物中含有的化学物质紫金牛醌和山道年，针对小鼠体内的多枝单宫线虫进行了评估。还研究了市售驱虫药伊维菌素、噻嘧啶和哌嗪，以验证小鼠模型系统并评估这些药物对多枝单宫线虫的疗效。噻嘧啶和伊维菌素在减少小鼠粪便中多枝单宫线虫数量和虫卵方面非常有效，但哌嗪的活性较低。施用山道年和非洲铁仔显著减少了总虫数（TWC），但未减少粪便虫卵数（FEC）。使用紫金牛醌、黑木紫金牛和印楝减少了FEC，但未减少TWC。然而，在所有情况下，减少幅度均远低于具有生物学意义所需的70%的先验水平。血红豆蔻、狭叶异木患和萼花希尔德布兰特木对TWC或FEC均无影响。总之，在这个单胃宿主 - 寄生虫模型系统中，没有一种植物制剂具有任何生物学意义上的驱虫作用。
