Williams Allan F, Shabanova Veronika I
Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, 1005 North Glebe Road, Arlington, VA 22201, USA.
J Safety Res. 2003;34(5):527-31. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2003.03.001.
Motor-vehicle crash rate comparisons by age and gender usually are based on the extent to which drivers in a particular age/gender category are themselves injured or involved in crashes (e.g., the number of 20-year-old females in crashes). Basing comparisons instead on the extent to which drivers in various age/gender groups are responsible for deaths (including themselves) in their crashes is more revealing of their overall contribution to the problem.
Data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS, 1996-2000) were used in the analysis, which was based on crashes that involved one or two vehicles only. Drivers in fatal single-vehicle crashes were assumed to have responsibility for the crash. In fatal two-vehicle crashes, driver operator errors reported by police were used to assign crash responsibility.
When all crashes were considered, both the youngest and oldest drivers were most likely to be responsible for deaths in their crashes. In two-vehicle crashes, the oldest drivers were more likely than young drivers to be responsible. Young males were more likely than young females to be responsible for crash deaths, whereas females in their 50s and older were more likely than same-age males to be responsible. In terms of responsibility for deaths per licensed driver, young drivers, especially males, had the highest rates because of their high involvement rates and high responsibility rates. The majority of deaths for which young drivers were responsible occurred to people other than themselves, especially passengers in their vehicles, whereas the bulk of the deaths for which older drivers were responsible were their own.
The results highlight the contribution of young drivers to the motor-vehicle crash problem, the need for measures such as passenger restrictions in graduated licensing systems, and the need for vehicle modifications to better protect older occupants.
按年龄和性别对机动车撞车率进行比较，通常是基于特定年龄/性别组的驾驶员自身受伤或卷入撞车事故的程度（例如，撞车事故中20岁女性的数量）。相反，基于不同年龄/性别组的驾驶员对其撞车事故中的死亡（包括他们自己）所负责任的程度进行比较，能更清楚地揭示他们对这一问题的总体影响。
分析使用了来自死亡分析报告系统（FARS，1996 - 2000年）的数据，该分析基于仅涉及一辆或两辆车的撞车事故。在单车致命撞车事故中，假定驾驶员对撞车事故负有责任。在双车致命撞车事故中，警方报告的驾驶员操作失误被用于确定撞车责任。
当考虑所有撞车事故时，最年轻和最年长的驾驶员在其撞车事故中导致死亡的可能性最大。在双车撞车事故中，年长驾驶员比年轻驾驶员更有可能负有责任。年轻男性比年轻女性更有可能对撞车死亡负责，而50多岁及以上的女性比同龄男性更有可能负有责任。就每持证驾驶员的死亡责任而言，年轻驾驶员，尤其是男性，由于其高卷入率和高责任率，死亡率最高。年轻驾驶员所导致的死亡大多发生在他人身上，尤其是他们车内的乘客，而年长驾驶员所导致的死亡大多是他们自己。
结果突出了年轻驾驶员对机动车撞车问题的影响、在分级许可制度中采取诸如乘客限制等措施的必要性，以及对车辆进行改进以更好地保护年长乘车人的必要性。
