Roehrs Timothy, Burduvali Eleni, Bonahoom Alicia, Drake Christopher, Roth Thomas
Henry Ford Hospital, Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
Sleep. 2003 Dec 15;26(8):981-5. doi: 10.1093/sleep/26.8.981.
Studies to assess the risks associated with sleep loss relative to the well-documented risks of alcohol are limited in number and design. This study compared the "dose"-related sedative, performance-impairing, and amnestic effects of sleep loss to those of ethanol ingestion.
Mixed-design experiment with random assignment to a sleep loss (n=12) or ethanol (n=20) group, with each participant assessed under 4 conditions.
Thirty-two healthy normal adult volunteers, aged 21 to 35 years.
In sleep loss, participants had 8, 6, 4, and 0 hours time in bed, producing 0, 2, 4, and 8 hours of sleep loss. For ethanol, participants ingested 0.0 g/kg, 0.3 g/kg, 0.6 g/kg, and 0.9 g/kg ethanol from 8:30 AM to 9:00 AM after 8 hours of time in bed the previous night. Each participant received his or her 4 doses of ethanol or sleep loss in a Latin square design with 3 to 7 days between doses.
All subjects completed the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) at 9:30 AM, 11:30 AM, 1:30 PM, 3:30 PM, and 5:30 PM and a performance battery at 10:00 AM, 12:00 NOON, 2:00 PM, and 4:00 PM consisting of memory, psychomotor vigilance, and divided attention tests.
Ethanol and sleep loss reduced the average daily sleep latency on the MSLT, both as a linear function of dose, with sleep loss in hours being 2.7 times more potent than ethanol in grams per kilogram. Ethanol and sleep loss also slowed reaction time on the psychomotor vigilance test in a linear dose-related function with the 2 being equipotent in their impairing effect. On the divided attention test, tracking deviations were increased by both ethanol and sleep loss in an equipotent and linear dose-related function. Memory recall was reduced in a linear dose-related function by both ethanol and sleep loss with ethanol being slightly more potent. Finally, sleep loss doses produced a linear decrease in self-rated quality of performance, while only at the highest ethanol dose was performance rated as poorer.
At the studied doses, sleep loss was more potent than ethanol in its sedative effects but comparable in effects on psychomotor performance. Ethanol produced greater memory deficits, and subjects were less aware of their overall performance impairment.
评估与睡眠缺失相关风险的研究数量有限且设计存在局限，而酒精的相关风险已有充分记录。本研究比较了睡眠缺失与乙醇摄入在“剂量”相关的镇静、损害表现及遗忘方面的影响。
混合设计实验，随机分配至睡眠缺失组（n = 12）或乙醇组（n = 20），每位参与者在4种条件下接受评估。
32名年龄在21至35岁之间的健康正常成年志愿者。
在睡眠缺失组中，参与者卧床时间分别为8小时、6小时、4小时和0小时，导致睡眠缺失时间分别为0小时、2小时、4小时和8小时。对于乙醇组，参与者在前一晚卧床8小时后，于次日上午8:30至9:00分别摄入0.0 g/kg、0.3 g/kg、0.6 g/kg和0.9 g/kg的乙醇。每位参与者按照拉丁方设计接受4次乙醇或睡眠缺失剂量，每次剂量之间间隔3至7天。
所有受试者在上午9:30、11:30、下午1:30、3:30和5:30完成多次睡眠潜伏期测试（MSLT），并在上午10:00、中午12:00、下午2:00和4:00完成一组包含记忆、心理运动警觉性和注意力分散测试的表现测试。
乙醇和睡眠缺失均使MSLT上的平均每日睡眠潜伏期缩短，且均呈剂量线性函数关系，睡眠缺失以小时计的效力是乙醇以克/千克计效力的2.7倍。乙醇和睡眠缺失还使心理运动警觉性测试中的反应时间在剂量线性相关函数中减慢，二者在损害效应方面等效。在注意力分散测试中，乙醇和睡眠缺失均使跟踪偏差在等效且剂量线性相关函数中增加。乙醇和睡眠缺失均使记忆回忆在剂量线性相关函数中减少，乙醇的作用稍强。最后，睡眠缺失剂量使自我评定的表现质量呈线性下降，而仅在乙醇最高剂量时表现被评定为较差。
在所研究的剂量下，睡眠缺失在镇静作用方面比乙醇更强，但在对心理运动表现的影响方面相当。乙醇导致更大的记忆缺陷，且受试者对其整体表现损害的意识较低。
