Heath A C, Neale M C, Kessler R C, Eaves L J, Kendler K S
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1992 Jul;63(1):85-96. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.63.1.85.
Self-report data on Extraversion (E) and Neuroticism (N), together with ratings by the co-twin, were obtained from a sample of 826 adult female twin pairs ascertained through a population-based twin register. Data were analyzed using a model that allowed for the contributions to personality ratings of the rater's personality (rater bias) as well as of the personality of the person being rated. For E, but not for N, significant rater bias was found, with extraverted respondents tending to underestimate, and introverted respondents tending to overestimate, the Extraversion of their co-twins. Good agreement between self-reports and ratings by the respondent's co-twin was found for both E and N. Substantial genetic influences were found for both personality traits, confirming findings from genetic studies of personality that have relief only on self-reports of respondents.
通过基于人群的双胞胎登记系统确定了826对成年女性双胞胎样本，从中获取了关于外向性（E）和神经质（N）的自我报告数据以及同卵双胞胎的评分。使用一种模型对数据进行分析，该模型考虑了评分者的个性（评分者偏差）以及被评分者的个性对人格评分的影响。对于E，而非N，发现了显著的评分者偏差，外向型受访者倾向于低估其同卵双胞胎的外向性，内向型受访者倾向于高估。在E和N方面，均发现自我报告与受访者同卵双胞胎的评分之间具有良好的一致性。两种人格特质均发现了显著的遗传影响，这证实了仅基于受访者自我报告的人格遗传学研究结果。
