Leal-Castellanos C B, García-Suárez R, González-Figueroa E, Fuentes-Allen J L, Escobedo-de la Peñal J
Division of Epidemiology, Coordination of Public Health, Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS), Mexico.
Epidemiol Infect. 2003 Dec;131(3):1149-56. doi: 10.1017/s0950268803001201.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Mapastepec, a rural community of the southern state of Chiapas, Mexico. The overall prevalence of leptospirosis infection in 1169 subjects was 37.7% [95% confidence intervals (95% CI) 34.9-40.5]. The main risk factors related to leptospirosis infection were flooding, mainly if subjects had a skin cut or abrasion [odds ratio (OR) 4.2; 95% CI 3.1-5.7], having domestic animals, either dogs and/or cats (OR 1.3; 95% CI 0.96-1.8) or cattle and/or pigs (OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.3-2.7), contact with animal excreta with no protection and with a skin cut or abrasion (OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.1-4.6). Those subjects with a dengue infection in the previous year had also an excess risk (OR 1.4; 95% CI 0.9-2.0). Mapastepec is a previously unknown area with high endemicity. Specific preventive measures should be adopted to prevent any contact with infected animals, and animal immunization should also be implemented. There is need of an epidemiological surveillance system to allow proper diagnosis.
在墨西哥恰帕斯州南部的一个农村社区马帕斯特佩克开展了一项横断面研究。1169名受试者中钩端螺旋体病感染的总体患病率为37.7%[95%置信区间（95%CI）34.9 - 40.5]。与钩端螺旋体病感染相关的主要危险因素包括洪水，主要是如果受试者有皮肤切口或擦伤[比值比（OR）4.2；95%CI 3.1 - 5.7]，饲养家畜，如狗和/或猫（OR 1.3；95%CI 0.96 - 1.8）或牛和/或猪（OR 1.9；95%CI 1.3 - 2.7），在无防护且有皮肤切口或擦伤的情况下接触动物排泄物（OR 2.3；95%CI 1.1 - 4.6）。前一年感染登革热的受试者也有额外风险（OR 1.4；95%CI 0.9 - 2.0）。马帕斯特佩克是一个以前未知的高流行地区。应采取具体预防措施以防止与感染动物接触，还应实施动物免疫。需要一个流行病学监测系统以进行正确诊断。
