Chen Yu-zhi
Asthma Clinic and Education Center, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China.
Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. 2004 Feb;27(2):112-6.
To find out the prevalence change of asthma in children aged 0 - 14 years during the ten years.
A nationwide randomized survey, covering 27 cities, 27 identical cities/municipalities were chosen for comparison which were divided into 6 sections: mid-south, southwest districts, east-China section, northeast, northwest and north-China districts.
Surveys were exclusively in the urban areas, including a population of 287,329 children aged 0 - 14 years in 2000 and 399,193 children in 1990. 4301(1.50%) were screened out as asthma associated children in 2000. Among them 3540(82.31%) children, aged 3 years or more, were diagnosed as asthma of children; 761 (17.69%) as asthma of infants and young children aged less than 3 years; In 1990, 3625 (0.91%) were diagnosed as asthma, and in which 2691 (74.23%) were children aged 3 years or more, other 934 (25.77%) were aged less than 3 years; And male predominate female [the prevalence of male and female are 1.85% (2 733/147 969) and 1.13% (1568/139,360), the rate is 1.74:1.00 in 2000, the prevalence of male and female are 1.08% (2265/210,137) and 0.72% (1360/189,056), the rate is 1.67:1.00 in 1990]. About 90% asthmatic children had onset of wheezing before 6 years old [90.30% (3884/4301) in 2000, and 95.26% (3453/3625) in 1990]. The prevalence of the average asthma of all the 0 - 14 years old asthma population (including asthma of older children and of infants) in 1990 and 2000 is 0.91% and 1.50% respectively. The current prevalence has increased by 64.84%. There was statistically significant difference in asthma prevalence among the 27 cities, in 2000 bring the highest in Shanghai (483/14,468) and Chongqing (374/11,200), both are 3.34%, and the lowest in Lhasa (35/6676), is 0.52%. In 1990, the highest in Chongqing (199/7651) is 2.60%, the lowest in Lhasa (14/15,360) is 0.09%. Two surveys showed that more than 95% patients were treated with antibiotics, and about 35.41% (1523/4301) with the inhaled glucocorticosteroid in 2000, in 1990 it is very rarely.
There has been a significant increasing trend (64.84%) of asthma prevalence during the ten years. >From the data of present survey it was inferred that there has been quite some improvement in the accuracy of diagnosis and in the practice of steroid inhalation therapy by the pediatricians in different cities, but we must generalize the GINA hardly and improve the quality of asthmatic children's lives.
了解0至14岁儿童哮喘在十年间的患病率变化情况。
进行一项全国性随机调查，涵盖27个城市，选取27个同等城市/直辖市作比较，分为6个区域：中南、西南地区，华东地区，东北、西北和华北地区。
调查仅在城市地区进行，2000年涵盖287329名0至14岁儿童，1990年涵盖399193名儿童。2000年筛查出4301名（1.50%）哮喘相关儿童。其中3540名（82.31%）3岁及以上儿童被诊断为儿童哮喘；761名（17.69%）为3岁以下婴幼儿哮喘；1990年，3625名（0.91%）被诊断为哮喘，其中2691名（74.23%）为3岁及以上儿童，934名（25.77%）为3岁以下儿童；男性患病率高于女性[2000年男性和女性患病率分别为1.85%（2733/147969）和1.13%（1568/139360），比例为1.74:1.00，1990年男性和女性患病率分别为1.08%（2265/210137）和0.72%（1360/189056），比例为1.67:1.00]。约90%的哮喘儿童在6岁前出现喘息症状[2000年为90.30%（3884/4301），1990年为95.26%（3453/3625）]。1990年和2000年所有0至14岁哮喘人群（包括大龄儿童哮喘和婴幼儿哮喘）的平均哮喘患病率分别为0.91%和1.50%。目前患病率增加了64.84%。27个城市的哮喘患病率存在统计学显著差异，2000年上海（483/14468）和重庆（374/11200）最高，均为3.34%，拉萨最低（35/66,76），为0.52%。1990年，重庆最高（199/7651），为2.60%，拉萨最低（14/15360），为0.09%。两项调查显示，超过95%的患者使用过抗生素治疗，2000年约35.41%（1523/4301）使用吸入性糖皮质激素治疗，1990年则很少使用。
十年间哮喘患病率呈显著上升趋势（64.84%）。从本次调查数据推断，不同城市儿科医生的诊断准确性和类固醇吸入疗法的应用有了一定改善，但我们必须大力推广全球哮喘防治创议（GINA），提高哮喘儿童的生活质量。
