Turell M J, Spielman A
Department of Arboviral Entomology, U. S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1992 Aug;47(2):190-4. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1992.47.190.
To determine whether virus-transmitting mosquitoes inoculate infectious particles extravascularly or directly into the vascular system, we permitted mosquitoes infected with Rift Valley fever virus to feed on the distal third of the tails of suckling mice. Amputation of the distal half of the tail within 5 min after their being bitten significantly increased mouse survival as compared with that of mice whose tails remained intact. Even when tails were amputated 10 or more min after mosquito feeding, the median time to death was significantly longer in the group with the amputated tails (53.5 hr) than in those mice with intact tails (46.0 hr). Mouse survival did not correlate with ingestion of blood by the infecting mosquito. We conclude that mosquitoes inoculate virus extravascularly, rather than directly into the vascular system, when feeding on a vertebrate host. Such extravascular delivery of virus by a transmitting mosquito may affect viral pathogenesis, antiviral activity, and vaccine efficacy.
为了确定传播病毒的蚊子是在血管外接种感染性颗粒还是直接将其注入血管系统，我们让感染了裂谷热病毒的蚊子叮咬乳鼠尾巴的远端三分之一处。在被叮咬后5分钟内将尾巴远端的一半截断，与尾巴保持完整的小鼠相比，显著提高了小鼠的存活率。即使在蚊子叮咬后10分钟或更长时间截断尾巴，截断尾巴组的小鼠中位死亡时间（53.5小时）也明显长于尾巴完整的小鼠（46.0小时）。小鼠的存活与感染蚊子摄入的血液量无关。我们得出结论，蚊子在叮咬脊椎动物宿主时是在血管外接种病毒，而不是直接将病毒注入血管系统。传播病毒的蚊子以这种血管外方式传播病毒可能会影响病毒的发病机制、抗病毒活性和疫苗效力。
