Nowson Caryl A, Diamond Terrence H, Pasco Julie A, Mason Rebecca S, Sambrook Philip N, Eisman John A
School of Health Sciences, Deakin University, Victoria.
Aust Fam Physician. 2004 Mar;33(3):133-8.
A significant number of Australians and people from specific groups within the community are suffering from vitamin D deficiency. It is no longer acceptable to assume that all people in Australia receive adequate vitamin D from casual exposure to sunlight.
This article provides information on causes, consequences, treatment and prevention of vitamin D deficiency in Australia.
People at high risk of vitamin D deficiency include the elderly, those with skin conditions where avoidance of sunlight is required, dark skinned people (particularly women during pregnancy or if veiled) and patients with malabsorption, e.g. coeliac disease. For most people, deficiency can be prevented by 5-15 minutes exposure of face and upper limbs to sunlight 4-6 times per week. If this is not possible then a vitamin D supplement of at least 400 IU per day is recommended. In cases of established vitamin D deficiency, supplementation with 3000-5000 IU per day for at least 1 month is required to replete body stores. Increased availability of larger dose preparations of cholecalciferol would be a useful therapy in the case of severe deficiencies.
大量澳大利亚人以及社区内特定群体的人正遭受维生素D缺乏症的困扰。认为所有澳大利亚人通过偶尔晒太阳就能获得足够维生素D的想法已不再可行。
本文提供有关澳大利亚维生素D缺乏症的病因、后果、治疗和预防的信息。
维生素D缺乏症的高危人群包括老年人、患有需要避免阳光照射的皮肤病的人、肤色较深的人（尤其是孕期或戴面纱的女性）以及患有吸收不良疾病（如乳糜泻）的患者。对于大多数人来说，通过每周4至6次让面部和上肢暴露在阳光下5至15分钟，可预防维生素D缺乏。如果无法做到这一点，那么建议每天补充至少400国际单位的维生素D。对于已确诊维生素D缺乏的情况，需要每天补充3000至5000国际单位，持续至少1个月以补充体内储备。对于严重缺乏维生素D的情况，增加大剂量胆钙化醇制剂的可及性将是一种有效的治疗方法。
