Raschke F
Institut für Rehaforschung an der Klinik Norderney der Universität Witten/Herdecke, (Institute of Rehabilitation Research at Norderney, Clinic of the University of Witten/Herdecke), Norderney, Germany.
Noise Health. 2004 Jan-Mar;6(22):15-26.
World wide rules for sleep staging originate to 1967. Since then many investigations aimed to give numbers for the degree of sleep disturbances due to air traffic noise. But the variables used, such as the amount of relative sleep stages, total sleep time, or sleep efficiency, could not explain impairment in health and performance sufficiently. The beginning of the eighties has given new insight into the restorative functions of sleep, according to sleep fragmentation by micro-arousals. These are originating in autonomous dysfunctions during sleep, leading to non-restorative sleep. Environmentally related sleep disturbances are described, EEG and vegetative (micro)-arousals, and the actual knowledge in sleep medicine is given in terms of the international classification of sleep disorders (ICSD). The effects on health, and disturbed performance capacity during the day are shown by self ratings of 160 patients. Elevated metabolic rate caused by micro-arousal and/or insomnia, may play an additional role in health impairment.
全球睡眠分期规则始于1967年。从那时起，许多研究旨在给出因空中交通噪音导致的睡眠障碍程度的数值。但是所使用的变量，如相对睡眠阶段的数量、总睡眠时间或睡眠效率，不足以充分解释对健康和表现的损害。根据微觉醒导致的睡眠碎片化，80年代初对睡眠的恢复功能有了新的认识。这些微觉醒源于睡眠期间的自主功能障碍，导致非恢复性睡眠。描述了与环境相关的睡眠障碍、脑电图和自主（微）觉醒，并根据国际睡眠障碍分类（ICSD）给出了睡眠医学的实际知识。160名患者的自我评分显示了对健康的影响以及白天的表现能力受到干扰。由微觉醒和/或失眠引起的代谢率升高，可能在健康损害中起额外作用。
